Search results for "lcsh:D"

Glucose Metabolism in Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency

2018

Background: The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis has a fundamental impact on glucose metabolism. Therefore, both untreated GH deficiency (GHD) and GH treatment (GHT) may be associated with some metabolic alterations, although the abnormalities of glucose metabolism have been investigated by relatively few studies as main outcomes. Aim: The present review summarizes the available data on glucose metabolism in children with GHD, providing an overview of the current state of the art in order better to clarify the real metabolic impact of GHD and GHT. Methods: Among all the existing studies, we evaluated all original studies that fulfilled our criteria for analysis …

Aloe vera: not always so beneficial in patients with chronic liver disease

2013

Bladder augmentation and urinary diversion in patients with neurogenic bladder: Non-surgical considerations

2011

Segments from almost all parts of the bowel have been used for urinary diversion. As a result, the available absorptive surface area of the bowel is reduced, and the incorporation of bowel segments into the urinary tract may have metabolic consequences. This is an area somewhat neglected in the literature. Metabolic complications are rare, but sub-clinical metabolic disturbances are quite common. Several studies have demonstrated that some of the absorbent and secreting properties of the bowel tissue are preserved after incorporation into the urinary tract. Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis can occur if ileal and/or colon segments are used, as well as malabsorption of vitamin B(12) and bil…

Is Nasobiliary Tube Really Safe A Case Report

2011

A case of esophageal ulcer caused by nasobiliary tube is described. This tool is not routinely considered to be a cause of major complications in the literature and to our knowledge, this is the first report of this kind of complication in nasobiliary tube placement. A 72-year-old patient presented with Charcot’s triad and was demonstrated to have cholangitis with multiple biliary stones in the common bile duct. Biliary drainage was achieved through endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, endoscopic sphincterotomy, biliary tree drainage and nasobiliary tube with double pigtail. The patient presented odynophagia, dysphagia and retrosternal pain 12 h after the procedure and upper endoscopy rev…

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19: A Narrative Review

2021

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has involved more than one hundred million individuals, including more than two million deaths. Diabetes represents one of the most prevalent chronic conditions worldwide and significantly increases the risk of hospitalization and death in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, the pathophysiological mechanisms, and the outcomes of COVID-19 infection in people with diabetes. We propose a rationale for using drugs prescribed in patients with diabetes and some pragmatic clinical recommendations to deal with COVID-19 in this kind of patient.

Thrombosis and thromboembolism related to COVID‐19: A clarion call for obtaining solid estimates from large‐scale multicenter data

2020

Abstract The clinical spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is wide, ranging from minor, nonspecific symptoms to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan involvement, and shock. In severe cases, the acute systemic inflammatory response, coagulation activation, and diffuse endothelial damage may, in combination with hypoxia, immobilization, and underlying risk factors, result in potentially life‐threatening venous and arterial thrombotic events. The first data from single‐center retrospective studies suggest that thrombotic events are a key aspect of COVID‐19‐associated morbidity and mortality. We have planned and will be launching the COvid REgistry on THR…

Breath test using 13C methacetin does not seem to be useful in the assessment of liver function in girls with anorexia nervosa: a case control study

2018

Abstract Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) concerns approximately up to 1.8% of the pediatric female population. One of the complications that can occur in the course of this disease is acute liver failure. This study’s objective was to assess the usefulness of the 13C labeled Methacetin Breath Test (MBT) in the diagnostics of the liver function in girls with eating disorders. Methods For the study 81 girls aged 12 to 17 years were recruited, including 41 patients with confirmed diagnosis of AN (mean age 14.7 ± 1.48 years) and 40 age-matched controls. The diagnosis was based on the present Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria. Weight and height were measured…

Dual-release hydrocortisone vs conventional glucocorticoids in adrenal insufficiency

2019

Background Dual-release hydrocortisone (DR-HC) improves metabolism in patients with adrenal insufficiency. The aims of this study were to compare the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of conventional glucocorticoids (GCs) vs. DR-HC and of high vs. low doses of GCs, after 48 months of observation. Methods We selected 27 patients on hydrocortisone (mean dose 17.5 ± 4.2 mg/day) and 20 patients on cortisone acetate (mean dose 37.5 ± 12.1 mg/day) who maintained this treatment (group A) and 53 patients switched to DR-HC (mean dose 22 ± 4.8 mg/day) (group B). At baseline and after 48 months, clinical and metabolic parameters and Framingham Risk Score (FRS) were obtained. Results After 48 month…

SGLT2 inhibitors in T2D and associated comorbidities - differentiating within the class

2019

Abstract Background For patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single most common cause of mortality. In 2008 and 2012, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) respectively mandated cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) on all new anti-diabetic agents, as prospective trials statistically powered to rule out excess cardiovascular risk in patients with T2D. Unexpectedly, some of these CVOTs have demonstrated not only cardiovascular safety, but also cardioprotective effects, as was first shown for the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in EMPA-REG OUTCOME. Expert opinion To debate newly available CVOT data and to put them into…

Prevention of lumbar reherniation by the intraoperative use of a radiofrequency bipolar device: A case-control study.

2019

Objective: The most common complication after lumbar discectomy is reherniation. Although many studies have investigated factors that may increase the reherniation risk, few are agreed upon all. It has been suggested that limited nucleus removal is associated with higher reherniation risk, while more aggressive nucleus removal can result in increased disc degeneration. Here, we assessed the efficacy of a coblation-assisted microdiscectomy in adult patients undergoing single-level disc surgery. Methods: We prospectively compared the reherniation rate in 75 patients (Group 1) undergoing single-level lumbar disc surgery completed with the radiofrequency bipolar system Aquamantys® (Medtronic, M…