Search results for "lcsh:Philosophy. Psychology. Religion"
showing 10 items of 38 documents
“A vida é apenas um espelho” – o conceito crítico de vida de Schopenhauer
2012
Schopenhauer e considerado o precursor ou o primeiro representante da filosofia da vida, desenvolvida posteriormente por Dilthey, Nietzsche, Bergson e outros. Em contraste com a filosofia classica da vida e com as concepcoes eticas a ela relacionadas, a vida em Schopenhauer nao e vista como um fim, mas como um meio para um outro fim, ou seja, para a etica, que culmina na negacao da vontade de vida. Ja nas primeiras anotacoes manuscritas, Schopenhauer usa diversas metaforas para caracterizar a vida como um meio para o conhecimento etico. Com bastante frequencia aparece a imagem da vida como espelho, no qual o homem ve sua propria natureza e assim a essencia do mundo. Na obra madura, essa ima…
Die ethische Relevanz der ästhetischen Kontemplation
2012
Schopenhauers hat seine Philosophie von der Welt als Wille und Vorstellung als Gesamtsystem in vier Teilen durchgefuhrt: Die Einheit des Wesens der Welt wird sichtbar im Ausgang vom willens- und zweckbestimmten naturlichen Erkennen (1. Buch) uber die Erkenntnis der Erscheinungshaftigkeit (Objektitat) des Willens am eigenen Leib (2. Buch) und die Moglichkeit der willensfreien, idealen Erkenntnis in der asthetischen Kontemplation (3. Buch) bis zur Durchschauung des principium individuationis, d.h. der Selbsterkenntnis des Willens (4. Buch). In diesem Beitrag wird die Theorie der asthetischen Kontemplation als eine Philosophie des Bewusstseins aufgefasst, die die zentrale Bedeutung des dritten…
„Das Leben ist nur ein Spiegel“ – Schopenhauers kritischer Lebensbegriff
2012
Schopenhauer gilt als Vorreiter oder erster Vertreter der Lebensphilosophie, wie sie später von Dilthey, Nietzsche, Bergson und anderen entfaltet wurde. Im Unterschied zur klassischen Lebensphilosophie und zu den an sie anknüpfenden ethischen Entwürfen wird das Leben bei Schopenhauer aber nicht als Zweck betrachtet, sondern als Mittel zu einem anderen Zweck, nämlich für die Ethik, die in der Verneinung des Willens zum Leben gipfelt. Schon in den frühesten handschriftlichen Aufzeichnungen verwendet Schopenhauer verschiedene Metaphern, um das Leben als Medium der ethischen Erkenntnis zu charakterisieren. Besonders häufig tritt dabei das Bild vom Leben als Spiegel auf, in dem der Mensch sein e…
Federalism and Ethnic Minorities in Ethiopia: Ideology, Territoriality, Human Rights, Policy
2014
In 1994 Ethiopia has adopted a new constitution, considered one of the most advanced in terms of provisions for human rights. The progressive ratification of several international treaties on minority rights had already begun in 1991, immediately after the fall of the Derg regime. This progress has brought Ethiopia into the UN monitoring system, but the review of the official UN documents reveals the mismatch between the mentioned constitutional and international steps and the on-ground situation. This article considers two possible causes of this gap. The first is the particular form of ethnic federalism, first introduced with the Charter of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia and late…
Una metafísica como remedio a la 'desolación total de la situación filosófica' de los años 1920 (Martin Heidegger, Max Scheler)
2015
En este artículo se muestra como el ¿giro metafísico¿ que tomó el pensamiento de Martin Heidegger después de la publicación de Ser y tiempo (1927) puede explicarse a partir de la interpretación errónea que se hizo de esa obra como contribución a la antropología filosófica. Retratando las primeras reseñas y críticas, nos acercamos a los textos del final de los años 1920 en los que Heidegger reinterpreta su ontología fundamental en términos de una ¿metafísica del Dasein¿ que pretende alejarse del planteamiento filosófico-antropológico. Terminaremos haciendo hincapié en el papel que desempeñó Max Scheler en dicha ¿conversión¿ transitoria a la metafísica. In this paper, we show how the"metaphys…
Diferencias sexuales en el aprendizaje del Laberinto Hebb-Williams con ratones OF1
2017
espanolEl Laberinto Hebb-Williams es una prueba utilizada para evaluar el aprendizaje espacial en animales. Aunque la capacidad espacial es una funcion cognitiva considerada sexodimorfica, donde los machos muestran una ventaja frente a las hembras, los resultados de los pocos estudios que evaluen diferencias de sexo en esta prueba no son concluyentes. Por ello, en este estudio nos propusimos comprobar si los ratones OF1 machos ejecutaban mejor que las hembras las tareas del Laberinto Hebb-Williams, y si esa ventaja era independiente de la dificultad del laberinto. Se utilizo la version reducida para ratones, la cual consta de 5 laberintos, 3 consi-derados faciles y 2 dificiles. Los resultad…
¿Estrellas o constelaciones? Implicaciones de los estudios cognitivos para el modelo dimensional de la emoción (Stars or constellations? Implications…
2016
One of the main debates in the study of the psychology of emotion concerns the conception of emotions as unified psychological constructs (categorical/discrete) versus the dimensional approach to emotional episodes. In this context, the dimensional model of Russell (2003) stands out as an inclusive framework that takes into account a set of historical problems in this field of study. We analysed the model, discussed its viability, and reviewed the empirical evidence in favour of four hypotheses that underlie Russell’s dimensional model: (1) There is a temporary primacy of basic affects versus more cognitive components in the development of an emotion; (2) perceived affective changes facilit…
La percepción de la funcionalidad familiar. Confirmación de su estructura bifactorial (The perception of the family functionality. Confirmation of it…
2012
Valid, reliable and easy-to-use instruments are required for the assessment of family functionality. The present study confirms the two-factor structure of a 23-item family Functionality Scale, providing indices of reliability and external validity in a sample of 185 families with teenage children. Parent discrepancy is analyzed, and the statistical descriptors of this variable are presented in the two dimensions that constitute the scale: Facilitator and Disturber. The instrument is useful for assessing functionality and for calculating parental discrepancy in the perception of family life, which is also an indicator of functionality.
Sex differences of anxiety disorders: Possible psychobiological causes - Diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en los trastornos de ansiedad: una aprox…
2009
Anxiety disorders are common in both men and women and are particularly disabling for the sufferer. Women of reproductive age are more vulnerable to developing these mental disorders than men; in fact their prevalence is 2-3 times higher among females than among males. Sex differences have also been reported in relation to the manifestation and expression of symptoms, the will to request medical or psychological assistance, the course of the disease, and even in the response to treatment. These sex differences may be attributable to multiple factors, such as genetic predisposition, anatomy, hormones and environment. However, very little is known about the risk factors for women with respect…
La innovación educativa desde la metodología: Mejora de las actitudes y competencias científicas de los alumnos (Educational innovation in research m…
2010
A programme of educational innovation was implemented to improve the attitude toward research methods for psychology students. Students used real data to test their own hypotheses using different statistical methods. Specifically, they implemented two key methodological principles in research methods: sample size and ordinal claims (Frick, 1996). Students had to work in teams, using Internet data bases for developing the theoretical background of the study, the definition of the objectives, the definition of variables, data analysis, and discussion of results. We assessed the attitudes towards research methods before and after the study. Results showed that: 1) the students improved their s…