Search results for "liha"

Targeting the Activin Receptor Signaling to Counteract the Multi-Systemic Complications of Cancer and Its Treatments

2021

Muscle wasting, i.e., cachexia, frequently occurs in cancer and associates with poor prognosis and increased morbidity and mortality. Anticancer treatments have also been shown to contribute to sustainment or exacerbation of cachexia, thus affecting quality of life and overall survival in cancer patients. Pre-clinical studies have shown that blocking activin receptor type 2 (ACVR2) or its ligands and their downstream signaling can preserve muscle mass in rodents bearing experimental cancers, as well as in chemotherapy-treated animals. In tumor-bearing mice, the prevention of skeletal and respiratory muscle wasting was also associated with improved survival. However, the definitive proof tha…

Heijastuuko haitallinen terveyskäyttäytyminen tuloihin?

2017

Tässä pro gradu –tutkielmassa haluttiin selvittää, havaitaanko yksilöiden tulotasossa poikkeamia, jos heillä on yksi tai kaksi haitallisen terveyskäyttäytymisen muotoa verrattuna yksilöihin, joilla näitä ei ole. Empiirisessä analyysissä hyödynnettiin kansainvälisen International Social Survey Programme –vertailututkimusohjelman (ISSP) Suomen osa-aineistoa vuodelta 2011. Tarkastelun kohteena oli työikäinen aikuisväestö (n = 904), ja haitallisesta terveyskäyttäytymisestä mielenkiinnon kohteena oli runsas alkoholin kulutus, päivittäinen tupakointi, lihavuus sekä fyysinen passiivisuus. Sekä tulotaso (keskimääräiset kuukausibruttotulot kaikki ansio- ja pääomatulot sekä sosiaalietuudet mukaan lue…

Kahden viikon liikuntaharjoittelun vaikutus intratorakaalisen rasvan määrään ja sydämen rasvapitoisuuteen terveillä sekä tyypin 2 diabeetikoilla

2015

Sydämen ympärille kertyvä intratorakaalirasva jaetaan epikardiaaliseen ja perikardiaaliseen rasvaan. Intratorakaalirasvan ja sydänlihakseen kerääntyvän rasvan on havaittu olevan yhteydessä mm. insuliiniresistenssiin, ateroskleroosiin ja dyslipidemiohin. Säännöllisen liikunnan on osoitettu vähentävän tehokkaasti sisäelinten ympärille ja vatsanalueelle kertyviä viskeraalirasvoja. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia kahden eri liikuntaharjoittelumenetelmän vaikutusta intratorakaalirasvojen määrään, sydämen rasvapitoisuuteen ja insuliiniherkkyyteen terveillä sekä tyypin 2 diabeetikoilla (T2D) tietokonetomografiaa ja magneettispektroskopiaa hyödyntäen. Tutkimukseen osallistui yhteensä 49 …

Economic Costs of Obesity in Europe

2022

This chapter summarizes the evidence on the indirect costs of obesity that result from adverse labour market outcomes (i.e., earnings and employment losses) at the individual level. We focus on empirical evidence covering European countries emphasizing the most recent studies in this field. Research has established three key empirical observations. The first fact is that there is a negative link between excess weight and various labour market outcomes. Obesity is linked to significantly lower earnings, lower levels of employment and higher probability of entering sick leave or exiting from paid employment through disability pension. The second fact is that the negative link between excess w…

Physical Work, Customer Service, or Teamwork? : Language Requirements for Seasonal Cleaning Work in the Booming Arctic Tourism Industry

2021

In many parts of the world, cleaning services are mostly subcontracted, which means intense competition and increased demand for efficiency. Consequently, the terms and conditions of employment have declined and the turnover of workers is high. Remote areas such as the Arctic face particular difficulties recruiting and retaining cleaning workers. Nonetheless, possibilities to earn and aspirations for a better life bring center – periphery, cross-border, and lifestyle mobilities to the peripheral north, especially in winter. This chapter examines cleaning as seasonal blue-collar work in a booming tourist destination in Arctic Finland. Applying an ethnographic and discourse analytical approac…

DL_Track : Automated analysis of muscle architecture from B-mode ultrasonography images using deep learning

2023

B-mode ultrasound is commonly used to image musculoskeletal tissues, but one major bottleneck is data analysis. Manual analysis is commonly deployed for assessment of muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length in muscle ultrasonography images. However, manual analysis is somewhat subjective, laborious and requires thorough experience. We provide an openly available algorithm (DL_Track) to automatically analyze muscle architectural parameters in ultrasonography images or videos of human lower limb muscles.
 We trained two different neural networks (classic U-net [Ronneberger et al., 2021] and U-net with VGG16 [Simonyan & Zisserman, 2015] pretrained encoder) one to detect …

How does a simulated soccer match affect regional differences in biceps femoris muscle architecture?

2017

Soccer is played by thousands of athletes across the globe and its participation increases the overall risk of injury, in particular, hamstring strain injuries (HSI). Biceps femoris (BF) has been shown to be involved the in 5 out of 6 HSI cases and risk factors including fatigue and short BF fascicle length (FL) have been identified. Furthermore, previous studies suggest that different muscle regions may undergo different strains during dynamic tasks, which could contribute to injury risk. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a soccer match on regional differences in the BF muscle architecture. A secondary aim was to assess the reliability of the extended field of vi…

High-density electromyography activity in various hamstring exercises

2019

Proximal‐distal differences in muscle activity are rarely considered when defining the activity level of hamstring muscles. The aim of this study was to determine the inter‐muscular and proximal‐distal electromyography (EMG) activity patterns of hamstring muscles during common hamstring exercises. Nineteen amateur athletes without a history of hamstring injury performed 9 exercises, while EMG activity was recorded along the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles using 15‐channel high‐density electromyography (HD‐EMG) electrodes. EMG activity levels normalized to those of a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) were determined for the eccentric and concentr…

The effects of locomotor pattern diversity and ageing on the lower limb joint mechanics and loading during human walking and running

2015

Increased Joint Mobility Is Associated With Impaired Transversus Abdominis Contraction

2022

Increased joint mobility is a risk factor for joint injury, but muscle function may be able to compensate for it. Current evidence suggests reduced force production capacity in people with hypermobility. However, little is known about the lumbar spine. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess whether there was a link between joint mobility and transverse abdominis and multifidus muscles contraction, muscles ascribed a core-stability role. Using a modified quantitative version of the Beighton scale (BOM score), we measured joint mobility of 30 middle-aged individuals without low back pain. These scores were correlated with magnetic resonance imaging–derived measures of transve…