Search results for "lipid"

Lipidomics reveals altered biosynthetic pathways of glycerophospholipids and cell signaling as biomarkers of the polycystic ovary syndrome

2017

// Mariona Jove 1, * , Irene Pradas 1, * , Alba Naudi 1, * , Susana Rovira-Llopis 2 , Celia Banuls 2 , Milagros Rocha 2 , Manuel Portero-Otin 1 , Antonio Hernandez-Mijares 2, 3, 4, # , Victor M. Victor 2, 5, # and Reinald Pamplona 1, # 1 Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain 2 Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain 3 Fundacion Investigacion Hospital Clinico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia University, 46010 Valencia, Spain 4 Department of Medicine, …

Circulating miR-130a, miR-27b, and miR-210 in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease and Their Potential Relationship With Oxidative Stress: A Pilot…

2016

Some emerging risk factors such as oxidative stress biomarkers and microRNAs (miRs) may add additional value to the established risk factors for peripheral artery disease (PAD). We enrolled 27 patients with PAD and 27 age-matched controls. We examined the levels of a series of miRs (miR-130a, miR-27b, and miR-210) in serum samples. The level of well-established oxidative stress biomarkers, such as lipid hydroperoxides, isoprostanes, hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and reduced glutathione, was also measured in plasma and their relationship with the miRs was determined. Levels of miR-130a, miR-27b, and miR-210 were significantly increased in patients with PAD when compared to the controls. The level …

2019

Beside diverse therapeutic properties of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) including: neuroprotection, inflammation and pain alleviation, prophylactic effects have also been reported in animal models of infections, inflammation, and neurological diseases. The availability of PEA as (ultra)micronized nutraceutical formulations with reportedly no side effects, renders it accordingly an appealing candidate in human preventive care, such as in population at high risk of disease development or for healthy aging. PEA’s mode of action is multi-facetted. Consensus exists that PEA’s effects are primarily modulated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and that PEA-activated PPARα…

Substantial fat mass loss reduces low-grade inflammation and induces positive alteration in cardiometabolic factors in normal-weight individuals

2019

AbstractThe accumulation of fat, especially in visceral sites, is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases with altered cardiometabolic homeostasis. We studied how intensive long-term weight loss and subsequent weight regain affect physiological changes, by longitudinally interrogating the lipid metabolism and white blood cell transcriptomic markers in healthy, normal-weight individuals. The current study examined 42 healthy, young (age: 27.5 ± 4.0 years), normal-weight (body mass index, BMI: 23.4 ± 1.7 kg/m2) female athletes, of which 25 belong to the weight loss and regain group (diet group), and 17 to the control group. Participants were evaluated, and fasting blood samples…

Two-year-old girl with tuberous xanthomas.

2018

A 2-year-old girl was referred for evaluation because she had two nodular lesions located on both heels, and another elongated lesion in the intergluteal cleft. On physical examination, two yellow to orange well-defined nodules, suggestive of xanthomas, were bilaterally located on the Achilles tendon areas (figure 1A). Moreover, another yellowish, slightly raised lesion with band-like morphology was seen in the intergluteal cleft (figure 1B). There were no other anomalies on physical examination. Figure 1 (A) Tuberous xanthoma located on the left heel. (B) Planar xanthoma located in the intergluteal cleft. (C) Peripheral blood smear examination showing numerous red cells and two macrothromb…

Contribution of cholesterol and oxysterols to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease

2016

International audience; Neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health issue worldwide. Some countries, including France, have engaged in research into the causes of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis and the management of these patients. It should lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to these diseases including the possible involvement of lipids in their pathogenesis. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the accumulation of α-synuclein (Lewy bodies). Several in vivo studies have shown a relationship between the lipid profile [chole…

Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Control Initiation of Lymph Node Organogenesis

2017

Lymph nodes (LNs) are strategically situated throughout the body at junctures of the blood vascular and lymphatic systems to direct immune responses against antigens draining from peripheral tissues. The current paradigm describes LN development as a programmed process that is governed through the interaction between mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer (LTo) cells and hematopoietic lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. Using cell-type-specific ablation of key molecules involved in lymphoid organogenesis, we found that initiation of LN development is dependent on LTi-cell-mediated activation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and that engagement of mesenchymal stromal cells is a succeedi…

The role of registries in rare genetic lipid disorders: Review and introduction of the first global registry in lipoprotein lipase deficiency

2017

International audience; A good understanding of the natural history of rare genetic lipid disorders is a pre-requisite for successful patient management. Disease registries have been helpful in this regard. Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency (LPLD) is a rare, autosomal-recessive lipid disorder characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia and a very high risk for recurrent acute pancreatitis, however, only limited data are available on its natural course. Alipogene tiparvovec (Glybera (R)) is the first gene therapy to receive Marketing Authorization in the European Union; GENIALL (GENetherapy In the MAnagement of Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency), a 15-year registry focusing on LPLD was launched in …

PPAR Agonists, Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Risk.

2016

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are implicated in the pathology of several metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. PPAR agonists exert multiple lipid modifying actions which are beneficial to the prevention of atherosclerosis. Such benefits in lipid lowering actions include improvements in atherogenic dyslipidemia that seems to be particularly expressed in individuals at higher cardiovascular (CV) risk. In addition, the favorable effects of PPAR agonists on different cardio-metabolic parameters are established in several metabolic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and heightened systemic inflammation. The goal of this …

Differential glutamatergic and GABAergic contributions to the tetrad effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol revealed by cell-type-specific reconstitution…

2020

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive ingredient of Cannabis sativa, exerts its actions through the endocannabinoid system by stimulation of the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor. The widespread distribution of this receptor in different neuronal cell types and the plethora of functions that is modulated by the endocannabinoid system explain the versatility of the effects of THC. However, the cell types involved in the different THC effects are still not fully known. Conditional CB1 receptor knock-out mice were previously used to identify CB1 receptor subpopulations that are "necessary" for the tetrad effects of a high dose of THC: hypothermia, hypolocomotion, catalepsy and …