Search results for "liquid"

X-ray tomographic method for measuring 3D deformation and liquid content in swelling materials

2015

A non-invasive method for measuring the three-dimensional displacement field and liquid content distribution in a wetting and swelling material using X-ray tomographic imaging is introduced. The method is demonstrated here in monitoring the evolution of 3D deformation and water content distributions in cylindrical samples of swelling clay material wetted in a constant total volume. The measurements were carried out using a high-resolution microtomographic device (SkyScan 1172) and image voxel size 24 µm. The results obtained are repeatable and appear qualitatively correct and plausible. They are useful e.g. in validating models involving transport of water and the resulting deformation of s…

Online ^{222}Rn removal by cryogenic distillation in the XENON100 experiment

2017

International audience; We describe the purification of xenon from traces of the radioactive noble gas radon using a cryogenic distillation column. The distillation column was integrated into the gas purification loop of the XENON100 detector for online radon removal. This enabled us to significantly reduce the constant$^{222}$ Rn background originating from radon emanation. After inserting an auxiliary$^{222}$ Rn emanation source in the gas loop, we determined a radon reduction factor of $R\,>\,27$ (95% C.L.) for the distillation column by monitoring the$^{222}$ Rn activity concentration inside the XENON100 detector.

The XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment

2017

The XENON1T experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) is the first WIMP dark matter detector operating with a liquid xenon target mass above the ton-scale. Out of its 3.2 t liquid xenon inventory, 2.0 t constitute the active target of the dual-phase time projection chamber. The scintillation and ionization signals from particle interactions are detected with low-background photomultipliers. This article describes the XENON1T instrument and its subsystems as well as strategies to achieve an unprecedented low background level. First results on the detector response and the performance of the subsystems are also presented. © 2017, The Author(s).

Search for Light Dark Matter Interactions Enhanced by the Migdal Effect or Bremsstrahlung in XENON1T.

2019

Direct dark matter detection experiments based on a liquid xenon target are leading the search for dark matter particles with masses above ∼5 GeV/c2, but have limited sensitivity to lighter masses because of the small momentum transfer in dark matter-nucleus elastic scattering. However, there is an irreducible contribution from inelastic processes accompanying the elastic scattering, which leads to the excitation and ionization of the recoiling atom (the Migdal effect) or the emission of a bremsstrahlung photon. In this Letter, we report on a probe of low-mass dark matter with masses down to about 85 MeV/c2 by looking for electronic recoils induced by the Migdal effect and bremsstrahlung us…

XENON1T Dark Matter Data Analysis: Signal Reconstruction, Calibration and Event Selection

2019

The XENON1T experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso is the most sensitive direct detection experiment for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting particles (WIMPs) with masses above $6\,$GeV/$c^2$ scattering off nuclei. The detector employs a dual-phase time projection chamber with 2.0 metric tons of liquid xenon in the target. A one metric $\mathrm{ton}\times\mathrm{year}$ exposure of science data was collected between October 2016 and February 2018. This article reports on the performance of the detector during this period and describes details of the data analysis that led to the most stringent exclusion limits on various WIMP-nucleon interaction models to date. In pa…

Excess electronic recoil events in XENON1T

2020

We report results from searches for new physics with low-energy electronic recoil data recorded with the XENON1T detector. With an exposure of 0.65 t-y and an unprecedentedly low background rate of $76\pm2$ events/(t y keV) between 1 and 30 keV, the data enables sensitive searches for solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and bosonic dark matter. An excess over known backgrounds is observed at low energies and most prominent between 2 and 3 keV. The solar axion model has a 3.4$\sigma$ significance, and a 3D 90% confidence surface is reported for axion couplings to electrons, photons, and nucleons. This surface is inscribed in the cuboid defined by $g_{ae}<3.8 \times 10^{-12}$,…

Experimental investigation on the efficiency of zinc(II) recovery from waste streams by TBP liquid-liquid extraction

2016

In many industrial processes the presence of zinc in the wastewater may represent an obstacle to its high efficient regeneration. This is the case of the treatment of spent pickling solutions aiming the recovery of hydrochloric acid via pyrohydrolysis techniques. Hydrochloric spent pickling solutions from steel processing contain relevant amount of metals such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) that may significantly affect recovery of hydrochloric acid (HCl) through pyrohydrolysis. In fact, although Fe may be recovered as ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and does not have a substantial effect on pyrohydrolysis process, zinc chloride (ZnCl2) evaporating can occlude nozzles and stick to the pyrohydrolysis react…

Recovering of zinc(II) from spent pickling solutions by liquid-liquid extraction

2015

Hydrochloric acid can be successfully recovered from spent pickling liquors with high efficiencies via pyrohydrolysis techniques. In the pickling solution feed, other metallic ions are typically present besides iron (mainly Fe2+) such as zinc(II). In order to avoid undesirable effects, zinc(II) has to be removed, because zinc chloride evaporates and sticks to the reactor walls, as well as it contaminates iron oxides product1. Moreover, zinc recovery is economically affordable because it allows the marketing of some products such as ZnCl2 and ZnSO4. In the present work, liquid-liquid extraction process has been selected to recover zinc(II) from pickling liquors, using suitable extractant age…

La posizione del terzo nel diritto delle obbligazioni. Uno studio evolutivo-comparato dal diritto romano ai più recenti strumenti di tutela, con part…

Lʼindividuazione di un filo conduttore che possa aiutare ad individuare lo sviluppo e i processi storici che hanno interessato la tutela e la protezione del terzo, a partire dal modo in cui il problema ha trovato configurazione in diritto romano, ammesso che si possa riconoscere che ne abbia escogitata una, sino allʼattuale profilarsi delle questioni teorico-dogmatiche sul punto, se da un lato appare senza dubbio come un problema stimolante e ricco di spunti, dallʼaltro si presta senza dubbio a concretizzare quei problemi e quei dubbi a cui si è appena fatto riferimento. Consapevoli di questo genere di dilemmi, nellʼaffrontare lʼargomento in oggetto si è quindi cercato di adottare un metodo…

Skutki śmierci wszystkich wspólników spółki jawnej w spółce przewidującej wstąpienie do niej spadkobierców

2021

Pursuant to Art. 58 § 1 point 4 of the Code of Commercial Companies dissolution of a general partnership results in the death of the partner of the general partnership. The dissolution of a general partnership starts the process of its liquidation, unless the partners agree on a different method of terminating its activity. The provision of art. 58 § 1 point 4 of the Code of Commercial Companies however, it is a dispositive legal norm, which means that the articles of association of a general partnership may stipulate that the death of a partner is not a basis for its termination. With the death of all partners, the general partnership undoubtedly becomes a kind of real hybrid. The represen…