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Targeted Drug Delivery in Plants: Enzyme‐Responsive Lignin Nanocarriers for the Curative Treatment of the Worldwide Grapevine Trunk Disease Esca

2019

Abstract Nanocarrier (NC)‐mediated drug delivery is widely researched in medicine but to date has not been used in agriculture. The first curative NC‐based treatment of the worldwide occurring grapevine trunk disease Esca, with more than 2 billion infected plants causing a loss yearly of $1.5 billion, is presented. To date, only repetitive spraying of fungicides is used to reduce chances of infection. This long‐term treatment against Esca uses minimal amounts of fungicide encapsulated in biobased and biodegradable lignin NCs. A single trunk injection of <10 mg fungicide results in curing of an infected plant. Only upon Esca infection, ligninolytic enzymes, secreted by the Esca‐associated fu…

Drug Delivery in Plants: Targeted Drug Delivery in Plants: Enzyme-Responsive Lignin Nanocarriers for the Curative Treatment of the Worldwide Grapevin…

2019

In article number 1802315, Jochen Fischer, Frederik R. Wurm, and co‐workers report the first nanocarrier‐mediated drug delivery in plants. Enzyme‐degradable lignin nanocarriers are injected into the trunks of grapevine plants. They release a fungicide selectively inside of the plants and are able to cure the worldwide fungal plant disease Esca for the first time. This strategy will reduce the extensive spraying of pesticides in agriculture. Image credit: Katharina Maisenbacher.

Apparent and quantitative loss of fatty acids and triacylglycerols at frying temperatures

2012

[EN]: Olive and sunflower oils were heated at 180 °C for 5, 10 and 15 hours with the aim of defining the changes in the contents of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and triacylglycerols (TAG) under frying conditions. Differences between apparent and real loss of FAME or TAG are defined for an adequate interpretation of the changes taking place at high temperature. Such differences depend on the expression of the results and frequently result in erroneous conclusions. Results showed that from the normalized composition it could be deduced that only the most unsaturated FAME (C18:2) or TAG containing it was significantly altered. However, quantitative data indicated that all the unsaturated FA…

Improvements in Rational Design Strategies of Inulin Derivative Polycation for siRNA Delivery.

2016

The advances of short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated therapy provide a powerful option for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer, by silencing the expression of targeted genes involved in the progression of the pathology. On this regard, a new pH-responsive polycation derived from inulin, Inulin-g-imidazole-g-diethylenetriamine (INU-IMI-DETA), was designed and employed to produce INU-IMI-DETA/siRNA "Inulin COmplex Nanoaggregates" (ICONs). The experimental results showed that INU-IMI-DETA exhibited strong cationic characteristics and high solubility in the pH range 3-5 and self-aggregation triggered by pH increase and physiological salt concentration. INU-IMI-DETA showed as well…

Hyaluronan-coated polybenzofulvene brushes as biomimetic materials

2016

Hyaluronic acid (HA) forms pericellular coats in many cell types that are involved in the early stages of cell adhesion by interacting with the CD44 receptor. Based on the largely recognized overexpression of the CD44 receptor in tumor tissues, a polybenzofulvene molecular brush has been enveloped into hyaluronan shells to obtain a tri-component polymer brush (TCPB) composed of intrinsically fluorescent backbones bearing nona(ethylene glycol) arms terminated with low molecular weight HA macromolecules. The nanoaggregates obtained in TCPB water dispersions were characterized on the basis of dimensions, zeta potential, and in vitro cell toxicity. This biomimetic multifunctional material beari…

POLYMER-BASED THERAPEUTICS FOR THE TREATMENT OF LIVER DISEASES

2013

Well-defined polypeptide-based systems as non-viral vectors for cytosolic delivery

2017

A convenient cytosolic drug delivery constitutes a very powerful tool for the treatment and/or prevention of several relevant human diseases. Along with recent advances in therapeutic technologies based on biomacromolecules (e.g. oligonucleotides or proteins), we also require the development of technologies which improve the transport of therapeutic molecules to the cell of choice. This has led to the emergence of a variety of promising methods over the last 20 years. Despite significant progress, these methods still suffer from several shortcomings including low/variable delivery efficiency, high cytotoxicity, and perhaps most importantly, ineffective endosomal/lysosomal escape. In this co…

Cyclo- and Polyphosphazenes for Biomedical Applications

2022

Cyclic and polyphosphazenes are extremely interesting and versatile substrates characterized by the presence of -P=N- repeating units. The chlorine atoms on the P atoms in the starting materials can be easily substituted with a variety of organic substituents, thus giving rise to a huge number of new materials for industrial applications. Their properties can be designed considering the number of repetitive units and the nature of the substituent groups, opening up to a number of peculiar properties, including the ability to give rise to supramolecular arrangements. We focused our attention on the extensive scientific literature concerning their biomedical applications: as antimicrobial age…

Case study of the Kibera slum project

2011

The aim of this study is to explore social resilience and civic entrepreneurship in self-help organizations. The purpose is to find out how social resilience can be built through entrepreneurial activities. The issue is explored in a self-help organization in the Kibera slum. The intention is to contribute on the discussion on the best practises of self-help organization and the key elements behind their success or failure in developing countries. The thesis is divided into two main parts: the first one presents the key terms and a literary review on the concepts of social resilience and civic entrepreneurship. The second part is a case study on the cooperation of two non-governmental organ…

Estudio funcional y ecográfico con tecnología hd Live y efecto Doppler del trasplante ortotópico de tejido ovárico

2017

Existe la posibilidad, todavía en fase experimental, de preservar la función ovárica y la fertilidad a las niñas y mujeres a las que se les diagnostica un cáncer mediante la extracción de la corteza ovárica, antes del inicio del tratamiento gonadotóxico. La paciente es estudiada, se realiza la extracción de la corteza ovárica y cuando la paciente se cura, se reimplanta la corteza y de esta manera la paciente puede recuperar la capacidad funcional ovárica normal y la posibilidad de quedar embaraza de manera natural (hoy en día la técnica de elección es la preservación de ovocitos y de embriones). En esta tesis se analiza ecográficamente, con la última tecnología disponible, como funcionan es…