Search results for "longitudinal"
showing 10 items of 1501 documents
Effective pursuit of personal goals: The fostering effect of dispositional optimism on goal commitment and goal progress
2015
Abstract Personal goals play a leading role in directing behavior and influencing well-being. Thus, it is important to assess goal dimensions promoting effective goal pursuit. The current research aimed at identifying the best predictors of goal pursuit, operationalized as perceived goal progress, among goal-related variables and individual differences in dispositional optimism. Two studies examined the influence of optimism on goal progress, commitment, expectancy, value, and conflict. Moreover, the mediation effect of expectancy in the relationships among optimism, commitment and progress was assessed. Participants in the first cross-sectional study were 283 young people (19–32 years old)…
12-month follow-up analysis of a multicenter, randomized, prospective trial in de novo liver transplant recipients (LIS2T) comparing cyclosporine mic…
2006
The LIS2T study was an open-label, multicenter study in which recipients of a primary liver transplant were randomized to cyclosporine microemulsion (CsA-ME) (Neoral) (n = 250) (monitoring of blood concentration at 2 hours postdose) C2 or tacrolimus (n = 245) (monitoring of trough drug blood level [predose]) C0 to compare efficacy and safety at 3 and 6 months and to evaluate patient status at 12 months. All patients received steroids with or without azathioprine. At 12 months, 85% of CsA-ME patients and 86% of tacrolimus patients survived with a functioning graft (P not significant). Efficacy was similar in deceased- and living-donor recipients. Significantly fewer hepatitis C–positive pati…
Detection of disbonds in multilayer structures by laser-based ultrasonic technique
2008
Adhesively bonded multi-layer structures are frequently used, mostly in the aerospace industry, for their structural efficiency. Nondestructive evaluation of bond integrity in these types of structures, both after manufacturing and for periodic inspection during service, is extremely important. A laser-based ultrasonic technique has been evaluated for non-contact detection of disbonds in aluminum multi-layer structures. Two configurations have been used to detect disbonded areas: pitch-catch with unidirectional guided wave scan and through-transmission with bidirectional scan. Guided wave scanning was done with a laser line source and air-coupled transducer sensing at 500 kHz, 1 ;MHz, and 2…
Stability and Change in Diffusion Model Parameters over Two Years
2021
In recent years, mathematical models of decision making, such as the diffusion model, have been endorsed in individual differences research. These models can disentangle different components of the decision process, like processing speed, speed–accuracy trade-offs, and duration of non-decisional processes. The diffusion model estimates individual parameters of cognitive process components, thus allowing the study of individual differences. These parameters are often assumed to show trait-like properties, that is, within-person stability across tasks and time. However, the assumption of temporal stability has so far been insufficiently investigated. With this work, we explore stability and c…
Smoking cessation opportunities in severe mental illness (tobacco intensive motivational and estimate risk — TIMER—): study protocol for a randomized…
2019
There is an increased risk of premature death in people with severe mental illness (SMI). Respiratory disorders and cardiovascular disease are leading causes of increased mortality rates in these patients, and tobacco consumption remains the most preventable risk factor involved. Developing new tools to motivate patients towards cessation of smoking is a high priority. Information on the motivational value of giving the lung age and prevention opportunities is unknown in this high-risk population. In the context of community care, screening and early detection of lung damage could potentially be used, together with mobile technology, in order to produce a prevention message, which may provi…
Distinct trajectories of physical activity and related factors during the life course in the general population: a systematic review
2019
Background In recent years, researchers have begun applying a trajectory approach to identify homogeneous subgroups of physical activity (PA) in heterogeneous populations. This study systematically reviewed the articles identifying longitudinal PA trajectory classes and the related factors (e.g., determinants, predictors, and outcomes) in the general population during different life phases. Methods The included studies used finite mixture models for identifying trajectories of PA, exercise, or sport participation. Three electronic databases, PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, and CINAHL, were searched from the year 2000 to 13 February 2018. The study was conducted according to the PRISMA rec…
Correlation patterns from massive phonons in 1+1 dimensional acoustic black holes: A toy model
2018
Transverse excitations in analogue black holes induce a mass like term in the longitudinal mode equation. With a simple toy model we show that correlation functions display a rather rich structure characterized by groups of parallel peaks. For the most part the structure is completely different from that found in the massless case.
Trending topics in orthodontics research during the last three decades: A longitudinal bibliometric study on the top‐cited articles
2020
Objective: To perform a bibliometric analysis on the top-cited articles over the last three decades from 1989 to 2018, using a longitudinal set-up, in order to analyse how articles' features have evolved over time. Setting and sample population: A sample of 312 articles divided into three subgroups of 104 top-cited articles for each decade were included. The h-index value was used to determine the sample size. Materials and methods: The articles were identified through a search in the category "dentistry oral surgery and medicine" of the Web of Science database. The information relative to the articles was collected. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the articles and the journals;…
One- and two-photon lasers with injected signal in a high-Q fabry-Pérot cavity
2000
Explicit models are derived for good cavity one- and two-photon lasers with an injected signal in a Fabry-Perot cavity. The steady solutions and their stability properties are obtained analytically and compared with the corresponding ring cavity model ones. Only quantitative differences between both types of cavities are found. In particular we show that (i) the Fabry-Perot cavity reduces significantly the domain of self-pulsing with respect to the ring cavity, and for the two-photon laser case (ii) larger output can be extracted from a Fabry-Perot cavity than from a ring cavity under certain conditions, something impossible in free-running lasers. We conclude that ring cavity models are se…
Authenticity and well-being on social network sites: A two-wave longitudinal study on the effects of online authenticity and the positivity bias in S…
2014
In offline settings, authentic behavior has frequently been linked to increased well-being. Social network sites (SNSs) provide a new venue for authenticity, yet the effects of online authenticity are largely unknown. The present study investigated the reciprocal effects of authenticity on SNSs and the psychological well-being of SNS users in a two-wave longitudinal study (N=374). The results demonstrate that online authenticity had a positive longitudinal effect on three indicators of subjective well-being. The data further illustrate that this beneficial effect of SNS use is not equally accessible to all users: participants with low levels of well-being were less likely to feel authentic …