Search results for "lost"

Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections in Schoolchildren of Laguna de Perlas (Nicaragua).

2016

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) prevalence, intensity, polyparasitism and co-infections in 425 children from 3 schools of Laguna de Perlas (Nicaragua) were investigated. Single stool samples were analysed by the formalin-ether method and the Kato-Katz. A total of 402 (94.6%) children were infected. Trichuris trichiura 308 (72.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides 115 (27.1%) and Hookworms 54 (12.7%) were the most prevalent STHs. Polyparasitism (322; 75.8%) with two species was most prevalent (109; 25.6%). T. trichiura with A. lumbricoides (19.3%) and T. trichiura with Hookworm (6.8%) were the most common combinations. Positive associations were observed between T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides and T. t…

Exploring diversity and biotechnological potential of lactic acid bacteria from tocosh - traditional Peruvian fermented potatoes - by high throughput…

2018

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) diversity associated with tocosh, Peruvian traditional fermented potatoes, was for the first time investigated by culturing and high throughput sequencing (HTS) approaches. They were applied on three samples i.e. freshly harvested potatoes, one-month and eight-months production. While by culture-dependent approach a few Lactobacillus (Lb) species (Lb. sakei, Lb. casei, Lb. farciminis, Lb. brevis, Lb. fermentum) and Leuconostoc (Ln) mesenteroides were identified, twenty-four OTUs belonging to six LAB genera were considered in tocosh samples by HTS, being Lactobacillus dominant in all three samples. LAB predominated on fresh potatoes, while Clostridium, Zymophilus a…

2018

Singular Location and Signaling Profile of Adenosine A2A-Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Heteromers in the Dorsal Striatum

2018

The dorsal striatum is a key node for many neurobiological processes such as motor activity, cognitive functions, and affective processes. The proper functioning of striatal neurons relies critically on metabotropic receptors. Specifically, the main adenosine and endocannabinoid receptors present in the striatum, ie, adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R), are of pivotal importance in the control of neuronal excitability. Facilitatory and inhibitory functional interactions between striatal A(2A)R and CB1R have been reported, and evidence supports that this cross-talk may rely, at least in part, on the formation of A(2A)R-CB1R heteromeric complexes. However, th…

Epithelium‐specific MyD88 signaling, but not DCs or macrophages, control acute intestinal infection with Clostridium difficile

2019

Infection with Clostridium difficile is one of the major causes of health care acquired diarrhea and colitis. Signaling though MyD88 downstream of TLRs is critical for initiating the early protective host response in mouse models of C. difficile infection (CDI). In the intestine, MyD88 is expressed in various tissues and cell types, such as the intestinal epithelium and mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), including DC or macrophages. Using a genetic gain-of-function system, we demonstrate here that restricting functional MyD88 signaling to the intestinal epithelium, but also to MNPs is sufficient to protect mice during acute CDI by upregulation of the intestinal barrier function and recruitment o…

Active and Secretory IgA-Coated Bacterial Fractions Elucidate Dysbiosis in Clostridium difficile Infection

2016

C. difficile is a major enteric pathogen with worldwide distribution. Its expansion is associated with broad-spectrum antibiotics which disturb the normal gut microbiome. In this study, the DNA sequencing of highly active bacteria and bacteria opsonized by intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) separated from the whole bacterial community by FACS elucidated how the gut dysbiosis promotes C. difficile infection (CDI). Bacterial groups with inhibitory effects on C. difficile growth, such as Lactobacillales, were mostly inactive in the CDI patients. C. difficile was typical for the bacterial fraction opsonized by SIgA in patients with CDI, while Fusobacterium was characteristic for the S…

2017

Abstract. Endolithic microbial communities are prominent features of intertidal marine habitats, where they colonize a variety of substrates, contributing to their erosion. Almost 2 centuries worth of naturalistic studies focused on a few true-boring (euendolithic) phototrophs, but substrate preference has received little attention. The Isla de Mona (Puerto Rico) intertidal zone offers a unique setting to investigate substrate specificity of endolithic communities since various phosphate rock, limestone and dolostone outcrops occur there. High-throughput 16S rDNA genetic sampling, enhanced by targeted cultivation, revealed that, while euendolithic cyanobacteria were dominant operational tax…

From Ecology to Biotechnology, Study of the Defense Strategies of Algae and Halophytes (from Trapani Saltworks, NW Sicily) with a Focus on Antioxidan…

2019

This study aimed at the characterization of the antioxidant power of polyphenol extracts (PE) obtained from the algae Cystoseira foeniculacea (CYS) (Phaeophyta) and from the halophyte Halocnemum strobilaceum (HAL), growing in the solar saltworks of western Sicily (Italy), and at the evaluation of their anti-microfouling properties, in order to correlate these activities to defense strategies in extreme environmental conditions. The antioxidant properties were assessed in the PE based on the total antioxidant activity test and the reducing power test

Human milk and mucosa-associated disaccharides impact on cultured infant fecal microbiota

2020

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a mixture of structurally diverse carbohydrates that contribute to shape a healthy gut microbiota composition. The great diversity of the HMOs structures does not allow the attribution of specific prebiotic characteristics to single milk oligosaccharides. We analyze here the utilization of four disaccharides, lacto-N-biose (LNB), galacto-N-biose (GNB), fucosyl-α1,3-GlcNAc (3FN) and fucosyl-α1,6-GlcNAc (6FN), that form part of HMOs and glycoprotein structures, by the infant fecal microbiota. LNB significantly increased the total levels of bifidobacteria and the species Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum. The Lactobacillus genus levels wer…

Potential benefits of colostrum in gastrointestinal diseases

2016

This paper reviews the composition of colostrum and the potential preventive and therapeutic use of this "first milk" for treating various gastrointestinal disorders in humans. Colostrum is a complex biological liquid that is richer in antimicrobial peptides, immune-regulating compounds and growth factors than the subsequent mature milk. The main functions of colostrum are to provide essential nutritional components, strengthen the natural defense system, modulate immune response, balance intestinal microbiota and enhance the growth and repair of several tissues. Several studies and clinical trials carried out both in vitro and in vivo on humans and animals suggest the clinical benefits of …