Search results for "maantiede"
showing 10 items of 50 documents
Phylogeography, evolutionary history and effects of glaciations in a species (Zootoca vivipara) inhabiting multiple biogeographic regions
2018
[Aim]: During glaciations, the distribution of temperate species inhabiting the Northern Hemisphere generally contracts into southern refugia; and in boreo‐alpine species of the Northern Hemisphere, expansion from Northern refugia is the general rule. Little is known about the drivers explaining vast distributions of species inhabiting multiple biogeographic regions (major biogeographic regions defined by the European Environmental Agency). Here we investigate the fine‐scale phylogeography and evolutionary history of the Eurasian common lizard (Zootoca vivipara), the terrestrial reptile with the world's widest and highest latitudinal distribution, that inhabits multiple biogeographic region…
Priorities for research in soil ecology
2017
The ecological interactions that occur in and with soil are of consequence in many ecosystems on the planet. These interactions provide numerous essential ecosystem services, and the sustainable management of soils has attracted increasing scientific and public attention. Although soil ecology emerged as an independent field of research many decades ago, and we have gained important insights into the functioning of soils, there still are fundamental aspects that need to be better understood to ensure that the ecosystem services that soils provide are not lost and that soils can be used in a sustainable way. In this perspectives paper, we highlight some of the major knowledge gaps that shoul…
Updates to Finnish aphyllophoroid funga (Basidiomycota):new species and range extensions
2018
Abstract The knowledge of Finnish aphyllophoroid funga has increased substantially in recent years. In this article we present six species new to Finland: Cristinia (cf.) rhenana Grosse-Brauckm., Hyphodontiella hauerslevii K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam, Leptosporomyces montanus (Jülich) Ginns & M.N.L Lefebvre, Osteina obducta (Berk.) Donk, Sebacina helvelloides (Schwein.) Burt, and Tulasnella brinkmannii sensu lato Bres. The finding of Osteina obducta is the first record in Northern Europe. The article also contributes new records of 56 nationally rare species (maximum ten previous records in Finland). Additionally, we list 110 regionally new species, found for the first time from a certa…
Extracting locations from sport and exercise-related social media messages using a neural network-based bilingual toponym recognition model
2022
Funding: This study is a part of the “Equality in suburban physical activity environments, YLLI” research project (in Finnish: Yhdenvertainen liikunnallinen lähiö, YLLI). The project is being financed by the research program about suburban in Finland “Lähiöohjelma 2020-2022” coordinated by the Ministry of Environment (grant recipient: Dr. Petteri Muukkonen). Sport and exercise contribute to health and well-being in cities. While previous research has mainly focused on activities at specific locations such as sport facilities, “informal sport” that occur at arbitrary locations across the city have been largely neglected. Such activities are more challenging to observe, but this challenge may…
Julma ja kiehtova itä : muslimit englanninkielisissä maantieteen teoksissa 1700-luvun jälkimmäisellä puoliskolla
2010
Eurooppa ja islam ovat olleet toistensa kanssa tekemisissä jo vuosisatojen ajan. Kanssakäyminen on ollut sekä vihamielistä, että rauhanomaista, mutta eurooppalaisten asenteita on aina värittänyt pelko kristinuskon vanhentuneena kieltänyttä itäistä naapuria kohtaan. Tässä työssä tarkastellaan Euroopassa 1700-luvun loppupuolella vallinnutta muslimikuvaa. Tutkimuksessa selvitetään, miten muslimeihin suhtauduttiin maallistuvassa yhteiskunnassa, millaisia representaatioita heistä rakennettiin, sekä eroteltiinko muslimikansallisuudet toisistaan, vai tarkasteltiinko heitä yhtenäisenä ryhmänä. Alkuperäislähteenä käytetään 1700-luvun jälkimmäisellä puoliskolla kirjoitettuja englanninkielisiä maantie…
Ultra-conserved elements provide insights to the biogeographic patterns of three benthic macroinvertebrate species in the Baltic Sea
2022
The Baltic Sea, with its steep salinity gradient, high water retention time, and relatively young age, represents a marginal ecosystem between marine and freshwater extremes. Due to differing invasion history and dispersal capabilities of Baltic species, there are large differences in species distributions, species-specific genetic structure and variation, and edge populations that may represent both a subset of the original population, as well as unique genetic lineages. We used a phylogenomic approach to investigate relationships between populations of three benthic macroinvertebrate species: Pygospio elegans, Corophium volutator, and Mya arenaria, providing new insight into evolutionary …
Mammal assemblage composition predicts global patterns in emerging infectious disease risk
2021
Abstract As a source of emerging infectious diseases, wildlife assemblages (and related spatial patterns) must be quantitatively assessed to help identify high‐risk locations. Previous assessments have largely focussed on the distributions of individual species; however, transmission dynamics are expected to depend on assemblage composition. Moreover, disease–diversity relationships have mainly been studied in the context of species loss, but assemblage composition and disease risk (e.g. infection prevalence in wildlife assemblages) can change without extinction. Based on the predicted distributions and abundances of 4466 mammal species, we estimated global patterns of disease risk through …
Community Turnover of Wood-Inhabiting Fungi across Hierarchical Spatial Scales
2014
For efficient use of conservation resources it is important to determine how species diversity changes across spatial scales. In many poorly known species groups little is known about at which spatial scales the conservation efforts should be focused. Here we examined how the community turnover of wood-inhabiting fungi is realised at three hierarchical levels, and how much of community variation is explained by variation in resource composition and spatial proximity. The hierarchical study design consisted of management type (fixed factor), forest site (random factor, nested within management type) and study plots (randomly placed plots within each study site). To examine how species richne…
Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties
2021
Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ec…
The dimensions of social dynamics in comparative studies on higher education
2013
This article discusses social dynamics of higher education which is one of the most crucial but neglected perspectives in comparative studies of higher education. We pay attention to the importance of time, space and contexts—both geographical and socio-cultural ones—to reveal how they influence on different social dynamics in various systems of higher education. The article focuses on the national higher education system level. Theoretically we approach higher education systems from a relational perspective paying attention to dynamics created by changing relationships between different actors in cultural, geographical and historical contexts. peerReviewed