Search results for "macrophage"

On the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: enzymatic transformation of human low density lipoprotein to an atherogenic moiety.

1995

Combined treatment with trypsin, cholesterol esterase, and neuraminidase transforms LDL, but not HDL or VLDL, to particles with properties akin to those of lipid extracted from atherosclerotic lesions. Single or double enzyme modifications, or treatment with phospholipase C, or simple vortexing are ineffective. Triple enzyme treatment disrupts the ordered and uniform structure of LDL particles, and gives rise to the formation of inhomogeneous lipid droplets 10-200 nm in diameter with a pronounced net negative charge, but lacking significant amounts of oxidized lipid. Enzymatically modified LDL (E-LDL), but not oxidatively modified LDL (ox-LDL), is endowed with potent complement-activating c…

July 2003: 62-year-old female with progressive muscular weakness

2004

The July 2003 Case of the Month (COM). A 62-year-old female patient experienced progressive muscular weakness over the last ten years, involving shoulder and pelvic girdle muscles, paraspinal and facial muscles. A biopsy was taken from the left deltoid muscle where hepatitis vaccination had taken place 4 weeks previously. The specimen revealed macrophagic myofasciitis due to the injection of aluminium-bound vaccines. The finding can be reproduced experimentally by injecting vaccines in rats. The pathomechanism is supposed to involve immune stimulation due to long term persistence of the adjuvant. Macrophagic myofasciitis has been suggested to occasionally cause myopathy but is supposed to b…

Production of VEGF and b-FGF in the drainage fluid from patients undergoing incisional hernia repair

2005

Wound healing is a complex process involving interaction between different cell types, such as growth factors. Among these, vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factors (b-FGF) are the most important. The aim of this study was to assess the production of VEGF and b-FGF in wound drainage fluid from patients undergoing incisional abdominal hernia repair. Ten female patients with abdominal midline incisional hernia undergoing surgical repair were included in this study. In all cases a closed suction drain was placed in the wound below the fascia and removed on postoperative day 4. Wound fluid was collected on the I, II, III and IV day and its amount at each ti…

Role of heat shock protein HSP90 and HSP70 in macrophagic differentiation

2010

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones whose expression is increased after many different stresses. They have a protective function helping the cell to cope with lethal conditions. These proteins play an essential role as molecular chaperones by assisting the correct folding of nascent and stress-accumulated misfolded proteins and by preventing their aggregation. My team is interested in understanding the roles of HSPs in two physiological related processes: apoptosis and cell differentiation. The aim of my work is to study the functions of HSP90 and HSP70 in macrophagic differentiation. I first studied the role of HSP90 in macrophagic differentiation. We previously reported th…

Microglia and α-synuclein implication in Parkinson's disease

2011

Age-related neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s disease take an enormous toll on individuals and on society. Despite extensive efforts, Parkinson’s disease remains incurable and only very limited treatments exist. Indeed, Parkinson’s pathogenesis is still not clear and research on its molecular mechanisms is ongoing. In this study, we focused our interest on two abnormal events occurring in Parkinson’s patients, namely α-synuclein aggregation and microglial activation. We first investigated α-synuclein and its abnormal polymerisation. For this purpose, we developed novel methods, which allowed the in vitro production of different types of α-synuclein oligomers. Using highly sensiti…

Advances in immunopathogenesis of macrophage activation syndrome during rheumatic inflammatory diseases: toward new therapeutic targets?

2017

Introduction: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, hyperinflammatory life-threatening syndrome, generally complicating different rheumatic diseases. Despite the severity of the disease, little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms and, thus, possible targeted therapies in the management of these patients. Areas covered: In this review, we aimed to update the current pathogenic knowledge of MAS, during rheumatic diseases, focusing mainly on immunologic abnormalities and on new possible therapeutic strategies. Expert commentary: The difficult pathogenic scenario of MAS, in which genetic defects, predisposing diseases, and triggers are mixed together with the high mortality rat…

Sicilian pistachio nut extract inhibits inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages.

2008

Differences in Attachment and Phagocytosis of Salmonella minnesota Strains (S Form, Re Mutant) by Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages: Participation of Endo…

1985

The virulence of bacteria in many phagocytic systems has been studied for several years and it is known that macrophages play an important role in host defence against invading microorganisms and in cooperation with cellular and humoral immune mechanisms. Pathogenic bacteria can be divided into two groups with regard to their fate within phagocytes: (a) extracellular bacteria which are promptly killed after phagocytosis and (b) facultative intracellular bacteria which are resistant to intracellular killing unless macrophages are activated. Humoral immune mechanisms (antibody, complement) deal mainly with extracellular bacteria, while cellular immune mechanisms (T cells, macrophages) deal wi…

The prognostic and predictive role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (FoxP3 + and CD8 +) and tumor-associated macrophages in early HER2 + breast canc…

2023

Purpose In HER2-positive (HER2 +) breast cancer, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) may influence the efficacy of the HER2-antibody trastuzumab and the patient’s outcome. In this HER2 + patient cohort, our aim was to study the numbers of FoxP3 + regulatory TILs and CD8 + cytotoxic TILs, their correlations with CD68 + and CD163 + TAMs, and the prognostic and predictive value of the studied factors. Methods We evaluated 139 non-metastatic HER2 + breast cancer patients operated between 2001 and 2008. The FoxP3+TIL count (FoxP3+TILs) was assessed using the hotspot method, and the CD8 + TIL count (CD8+mTILs) utilizing a digital image analysis from invas…

B cells assume the command

2015

A proinflammatory B cell cytokine activates autoimmunity, and B cell depletion treats multiple sclerosis (Li et al., this issue).