Search results for "mapping"

Motivation and Preferences of Visitors in the Bohemian Paradise UNESCO Global Geopark

2021

There are some localities in the Bohemian Paradise Geopark that suffer from temporal overtourism in the high season. On the other hand, more than half of the geopark is not so often visited by tourists, although very attractive geosites can be found there too. In the most visited localities, nature is damaged due to overloading of the tourist infrastructure, while elsewhere there is pressure driven by municipalities to increase the number of tourists. For this reason, we organized a large questionnaire survey in summer 2020, which aimed to reveal the motivation of visitors of the geopark and their preferences regarding the places visited. The questionnaire combined several research methods:…

Brain representation of action observation in human infants.

2015

Imitative learning has long been established as extremely important for early development. However, neural mechanisms involved in early imitative behaviours are still areas of active research. Neurophysiological and brain-imaging studies have been recently performed that provide initial evidence of brain activation associated with action observation in the first months of life. In this review we examine all studies exploring the effects of action observation on brain function assessed by means of non-invasive brain-mapping techniques. Seventeen papers were selected as a result of our literature search. The strongest evidence for a neural signature of action observation comes from studies ex…

Insula and sensory insular cortex and somatosensory control in patients with insular stroke

2014

Background In functional imaging studies, the insular cortex (IC) has been identified as an essential part of the processing of a whole spectrum of multimodal sensory input. However, there are no lesion studies including a sufficient number of patients, which would reinforce the functional imaging data obtained from healthy subjects. Such lesion studies should examine how damage to the IC affects sensory perception. We chose acute stroke patients with lesions affecting the IC in order to fill this gap. Methods A comprehensive sensory profiling by applying a quantitative sensory testing protocol was performed and a voxel-lesion behaviour mapping analysis in 24 patients with acute unilateral …

The C-terminal antibody binding domain ofCandida albicansmp58 represents a protective epitope during candidiasis

2003

The 58-kDa surface mannoprotein of Candida albicans (mp58) elicits strong antibody responses during infection. Epitope mapping with sera from patients with candidiasis and control individuals indicated the presence of multiple IgG-reactive continuous epitopes on the protein, expanding both the amino- and carboxy-terminal domains and several internal regions. These immunoreactive regions were similar to the ones previously identified using sera from immunized animals. Two of the epitopic regions (including the C-terminal domain) showed increased reactivity with antibodies present in sera from patients with candidiasis as compared to control individuals. Patients who survived the infection di…

Activation of a murine autoreactive B cell by immunization with human recombinant autoantigen La/SS-B: Characterization of the autoepitope

1995

Immunization of Balb/c mice with a homogeneously purified recombinant human La/SS-B protein resulted in activation of an autoreactive B cell secreting a novel monoclonal anti-La antibody termed La4B6. La4B6 reacted with La protein from a variety of sources including human, bovine, rat and mouse. ATP blocked the binding of La4B6 to recombinant La protein. The human epitope was identified as consisting of the amino acid sequence SKGRRFKGKGKGN, which includes the proposed ATP-binding site of the La protein. In the human and bovine La protein, the epitope exists as a continuous amino acid sequence. In rat and mouse the epitope was found to consist of the amino acid sequence SKG interrupted by a…

Domains of the E1 Protein of Human Papillomavirus Type 33 Involved in Binding to the E2 Protein

1996

Papillomavirus E1 and E2 proteins are essential for the initiation of viral DNA replication. We have now analyzed the interaction of E1 and E2 of human papillomavirus type 33, which is associated with cervical carcinoma. When synthesized in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system, the E1 and E2 proteins interacted efficiently at 4 degree. A monoclonal antibody recognizing E1 amino acids 584--600 inhibited the binding of E2 and vice versa, indicating that these amino acids are involved in E2 binding. To confirm this result, a mutational analysis of E1 was performed. The E2 binding activity of E1 deletion and point mutant proteins was assayed using glutathione S-transferase E1 fu…

Analysis of type-restricted and cross-reactive epitopes on virus-like particles of human papillomavirus type 33 and in infected tissues using monoclo…

1994

A panel of six monoclonal antibodies recognizing at least three different antigenic regions has been raised against the L1 major capsid protein of human papillo-mavirus type 33 (HPV-33), which is associated with cervical carcinoma. The antigenic sites defined by these antibodies have been mapped and classified as type-restricted or broadly cross-reactive using bacterially expressed L1 fusion proteins of a variety of HPV types. Conformational and linear epitopes have been distinguished using native and denatured virus-like particles. HPV infection of genital lesions has been analysed using both monoclonal antibodies and DNA amplification by PCR. The antibodies obtained should be useful to pr…

Conformational and linear epitopes on virus-like particles of human papillomavirus type 33 identified by monoclonal antibodies to the minor capsid pr…

1995

The organization of epitopes on the minor capsid protein L2 of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 33 has been analysed using three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated against a large fragment of the L2 protein (amino acids 82-259) expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein. The topology of the L2 epitopes has been investigated with respect to the structure of HPV-33 virus-like particles (VLPs). Two of the MAbs reacted with linear epitopes which were mapped to amino acids 153-160 and 163-170, respectively. These epitopes were accessible in denatured but not in native VLPs consisting of L1 and L2, suggesting an internal location. The third antibody was unable to detect denatured …

2015

Sir, We read with interest the scientific commentary by Hornberger and Bertoux (2015) on our study on the specificity of prefrontal cortex subregions for strategy use, verbal initiation and suppression (Robinson et al. , 2015). We administered Section 1 and 2 of the Hayling sentence completion task (Burgess and Shallice, 1997) to a large group of frontal and posterior patients. Section 1, assessing verbal initiation, requires the subject to complete sentences with an appropriate word (e.g. ‘ The captain stayed with the sinking …’ could be completed by saying ‘ ship ’). Section 2, assessing inhibition/suppression, requires the completion of sentences with an unconnected word (e.g. ‘ London i…

Brain mapping as helpful tool in brain glioma surgical treatment—Toward the “perfect surgery”?

2018

Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumours in adults, representing nearly 80%, with poor prognosis in their high-grade forms. Several variables positively affect the prognosis of patients with high-grade glioma: young age, tumour location, radiological features, recurrence, and the opportunity to perform post-operative adjuvant therapy. Low-grade gliomas are slow-growing brain neoplasms of adolescence and young-adulthood, preferentially involving functional areas, particularly the eloquent ones. It has been demonstrated that early surgery and higher extent rate ensure overall longer survival time regardless of tumour grading, but nowadays, functional preservation that is as…