Search results for "material"

showing 10 items of 32550 documents

Mechanisms of cell death in canine parvovirus-infected cells provide intuitive insights to developing nanotools for medicine

2010

Jonna Nykky, Jenni E Tuusa, Sanna Kirjavainen, Matti Vuento, Leona GilbertNanoscience Center and Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FinlandAbstract: Viruses have great potential as nanotools in medicine for gene transfer, targeted gene delivery, and oncolytic cancer virotherapy. Here we have studied cell death mechanisms of canine parvovirus (CPV) to increase the knowledge on the CPV life cycle in order to facilitate the development of better parvovirus vectors. Morphological studies of CPV-infected Norden laboratory feline kidney (NLFK) cells and canine fibroma cells (A72) displayed characteristic apoptotic events. Apoptosis was f…

nekroosianimal diseasesvirusesGene ExpressionPharmaceutical ScienceApoptosisViral Nonstructural Proteinsnecrosis0302 clinical medicineInternational Journal of NanomedicineDrug DiscoveryCaspaseOriginal ResearchMembrane Potential MitochondrialOncolytic Virotherapy0303 health sciencesCell DeathbiologynanoparticleCell Cycleapoptosiscanine parvovirusCanine parvovirusGeneral MedicineFlow Cytometry3. Good healthNanomedicineCaspases030220 oncology & carcinogenesisvirotherapyProgrammed cell deathParvovirus CaninenanopartikkeliBiophysicsBioengineeringDNA FragmentationGene deliveryCell LineBiomaterials03 medical and health sciencesDogsMicroscopy Electron TransmissionAnimalsHumansVirotherapyapoptoosi030304 developmental biologyParvovirusOrganic Chemistrybiology.organism_classificationVirologyOncolytic viruskoiran parvovirusviroterapiaMicroscopy FluorescenceApoptosisCatsbiology.proteinDNA DamageHeLa CellsInternational Journal of Nanomedicine
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Blends of Semiflexible Polymers: Interplay of Nematic Order and Phase Separation

2021

Mixtures of semiflexible polymers with a mismatch in either their persistence lengths or their contour lengths are studied by Density Functional Theory and Molecular Dynamics simulation. Considering lyotropic solutions under good solvent conditions, the mole fraction and pressure is systematically varied for several cases of bending stiffness κ (the normalized persistence length) and chain length N. For binary mixtures with different chain length (i.e., NA=16, NB=32 or 64) but the same stiffness, isotropic-nematic phase coexistence is studied. For mixtures with the same chain length (N=32) and large stiffness disparity (κB/κA=4.9 to 8), both isotropic-nematic and nematic-nematic unmixing oc…

nematic orderMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsTriple pointThermodynamicsOrganic chemistry02 engineering and technology01 natural sciencesArticleliquid crystalsQD241-441Critical point (thermodynamics)Liquid crystalsemiflexible polymersPhase (matter)0103 physical sciencesLyotropicphase behaviormacromolecules010306 general physicsdensity functional theoryPhase diagramPersistence lengthGeneral Chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologymolecular dynamicsCondensed Matter::Soft Condensed MattermixturesBending stiffnessddc:540blends0210 nano-technology
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3D models acquisition and image processing for virtual musealization of the spezieria di Santa Maria della Scala, Rome

2022

This study was carried out within the project “Roma Hispana. Nuevas tecnologías aplicadas al estudio histórico, la musealización y la puesta en valor de Patrimonio Cultural español en Roma: la spezieria di Santa Maria della Scala” (Universitat de València Spain), which is funded by the Conselleria d’Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital of the Generalitat Valenciana (2020–2021) and authorized by the Sovrintendenza Speciale Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio (Special Superintendence of Archeology, Fine Arts and Landscape) of Rome, Italy. The spezieria di Santa Maria della Scala was the oldest apothecary in…

new 3D technologiesArcheologyintangible cultureMuseus de ciènciesmuseum of the history of science and medicineMaterials Science (miscellaneous)Roman <i>spezieria</i> at Santa Maria della Scala; cultural heritage; intangible culture; museum of the history of science and medicine; new 3D technologiesRoman spezieria at Santa Maria della ScalaConservationcultural heritagePatrimoni culturalPatrimoni cultural Conservació i restauracióInnovacions tecnològiques
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Quantum Motion of Chemisorbed Hydrogen on Ni Surfaces

1983

Quantum mechanical energy levels and wave functions have been calculated for the motion of chemisorbed hydrogen atoms on Ni surfaces. The results show considerable quantum effects for the adatom in both the ground and the excited states. The description of the adparticles as being delocalized along the surface offers a novel interpretation of several phenomena, in particular the vibrational excitations. Peer reviewed

nickel surfacesMaterials scienceSolid-state physicsHydrogenwave functionsGeneral Physics and Astronomychemistry.chemical_element02 engineering and technology01 natural sciencesCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceDelocalized electron0103 physical sciencesPhysics::Atomic and Molecular Clustersenergy levels010306 general physicsWave functionQuantumMechanical energyPhysicshydrogen atoms021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologychemistryChemisorptionExcited stateAtomic physics0210 nano-technologyPhysical Review Letters
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Rearrangement of N-(3-pyridyl)nitramine

2009

AbstractContrary to other N-(pyridyl)nitramines, the title compound cannot be rearranged to 3-amino-2-nitropyridine or other isomers. Hypothetical products of its transformation under influence of concentrated sulphuric acid, viz. 3-hydroxypyridine, 3,3′-azoxypyridine and 3,3′-azopyridine, were obtained from 3-nitro- and 3-aminopyridine in oxidation and reduction reactions. N-(3-Pyridyl)nitramine was prepared and rearranged in concentrated sulphuric acid. 3-Hydroxypyridine and 3,3′-azoxypyridine were isolated from the reaction mixture, other products were identified by the HPLC and GCMS methods. The results indicate that N-(3-pyridyl)hydroxylamine is an intermediate formed from N-(3-pyridyl…

nitramine rearrangementGeneral Chemical EngineeringContext (language use)General Chemistrynitro-to-nitrito transformationazoxypyridinesBiochemistryMedicinal chemistryHigh-performance liquid chromatographyRedoxIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineeringchemistry.chemical_compoundHydroxylaminechemistryazopyridinesMaterials ChemistryOrganic chemistryReaction pathChemical Papers
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Thermal noise limit for ultra-high vacuum noncontact atomic force microscopy

2013

The noise of the frequency-shift signal Δf in noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) consists of cantilever thermal noise, tip–surface-interaction noise and instrumental noise from the detection and signal processing systems. We investigate how the displacement-noise spectral density dz at the input of the frequency demodulator propagates to the frequency-shift-noise spectral density dΔf at the demodulator output in dependence of cantilever properties and settings of the signal processing electronics in the limit of a negligible tip–surface interaction and a measurement under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. For a quantification of the noise figures, we calibrate the cantilever displacemen…

noiseCantilevernoncontact atomic force microscopyGeneral Physics and AstronomyNanotechnologyCantileverlcsh:Chemical technologyNoise (electronics)lcsh:Technology530Full Research PaperOpticsPhase noiseNanotechnologyGeneral Materials ScienceDetection theorylcsh:TP1-1185Electrical and Electronic Engineeringlcsh:SciencePhysicsNoise temperaturefilterbusiness.industrylcsh:TNoise spectral densityBandwidth (signal processing)Spectral density(NC-AFM)noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM)lcsh:QC1-999Nanosciencelcsh:Qfeedback loopbusinesslcsh:Physics
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Modification of a commercial atomic force microscopy for low-noise, high-resolution frequency-modulation imaging in liquid environment.

2011

A key issue for high-resolution frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy imaging in liquids is minimizing the frequency noise, which requires a detailed analysis of the corresponding noise contributions. In this paper, we present a detailed description for modifying a commercial atomic force microscope (Bruker MultiMode V with Nanoscope V controller), aiming at atomic-resolution frequency-modulation imaging in ambient and in liquid environment. Care was taken to maintain the AFMs original stability and ease of operation. The new system builds upon an optimized light source, a new photodiode and an entirely new amplifier. Moreover, we introduce a home-built liquid cell and sample holder …

noiseMaterials scienceoptical sensorsAtomic force acoustic microscopy530Noise (electronics)law.inventionOpticsphotodiodeslawInstrumentationAtomic de Broglie microscopeatomic force microscopycalcium compoundsbusiness.industrysample holdersAmplifierNoise spectral densityPhotodiodefrequency modulationmodulationfrequencyamplifiersbusinessNon-contact atomic force microscopyFrequency modulationimage resolutionThe Review of scientific instruments
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Latest Developments and Results of Radiation Tolerance CMOS Sensors with Small Collection Electrodes

2020

The development of radiation hard Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (DMAPS) targets the replacement of hybrid pixel detectors to meet radiation hardness requirements of at least 1.5e16 1 MeV neq/cm2 for the HL-LHC and beyond. DMAPS were designed and tested in the TJ180 nm TowerJazz CMOS imaging technology with small electrodes pixel designs. This technology reduces costs and provides granularity of 36.4x36.4 um2 with low power operation (1 uW/pixel), low noise of ENC < 20 e-, a small collection electrode (3 um) and fast signal response within 25 ns bunch crossing. This contribution will present the latest developments after the MALTA and Mini-MALTA sensors. It will illustrate the imp…

noiseParticle tracking detectors ; Radiation-hard detectors ; Electronic detector readout concepts ; CMOS sensors ; Monolithic active pixel sensorsMaterials science010308 nuclear & particles physicsbusiness.industryintegrated circuitelectrode01 natural sciencesCMOSRadiation toleranceefficiency0103 physical sciencesElectrodeHardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITSelectronics: readoutOptoelectronicssemiconductor detector[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]Detectors and Experimental Techniquescontrol system010306 general physicsbusiness
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Modelling the Electromechanical Impedance Method for the Prediction of the Biomechanical Behavior of Dental Implant Stability

2015

Abstract We propose the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique to assess the stability of dental implants. The technique consists of bonding a piezoelectric transducer to the element to be monitored. Conventionally, electromechanical admittance is used to diagnose structural damage. In this study, we created a 3D finite element model to mimic a transducer bonded to the abutment of a dental implant placed in a host bone site. We simulated the healing after surgery by changing the Young's modulus of the bone-implant interface. The results show that as the Young's modulus of the interface increases, the electromechanical characteristic of the transducer changes.

non-destructive examination.AdmittanceMaterials sciencemedicine.medical_treatmentfinite element methodModulusosseointegrationGeneral Medicinenon-destructive examinationPiezoelectricityFinite element methodTransducerEngineering (all)EMImedicinedental stabilityelectromechanical impedance methodDental implantAbutment (dentistry)Engineering(all)Biomedical engineering
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Neural Classification of Compost Maturity by Means of the Self-Organising Feature Map Artificial Neural Network and Learning Vector Quantization Algo…

2019

Self-Organising Feature Map (SOFM) neural models and the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) algorithm were used to produce a classifier identifying the quality classes of compost, according to the degree of its maturation within a period of time recorded in digital images. Digital images of compost at different stages of maturation were taken in a laboratory. They were used to generate an SOFM neural topological map with centres of concentration of the classified cases. The radial neurons on the map were adequately labelled to represent five suggested quality classes describing the degree of maturation of the composted organic matter. This enabled the creation of a neural separator classify…

non-parametric classificationComputer science020209 energyHealth Toxicology and Mutagenesislcsh:Medicine02 engineering and technology010501 environmental sciencesengineering.material01 natural sciencesArticleDigital imageSoftwareArtificial Intelligence0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringLearningTopological map0105 earth and related environmental sciencesLVQ algorithmLearning vector quantizationArtificial neural networkSOFM neural networkCompostbusiness.industryCompostinglcsh:RPublic Health Environmental and Occupational Health<i>LVQ</i> algorithmengineeringNeural Networks ComputerbusinessClassifier (UML)AlgorithmAlgorithmsSoftwareInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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