Search results for "maternal"
showing 10 items of 488 documents
Data from: Negative association between parental care and sibling cooperation in earwigs: a new perspective on the early evolution of family life?
2015
The evolution of family life requires net fitness benefits for offspring, which are commonly assumed to mainly derive from parental care. However, an additional source of benefits for offspring is often overlooked: cooperative interactions among juvenile siblings. In this study, we examined how sibling cooperation and parental care could jointly contribute to the early evolution of family life. Specifically, we tested whether the level of food transferred among siblings (sibling cooperation) in the European earwig Forficula auricularia (1) depends on the level of maternal food provisioning (parental care), and (2) is translated into offspring survival, as well as female investment into futu…
Data from: Mother and offspring fitness in an insect with maternal care: phenotypic trade-offs between egg number, egg mass and egg care
2014
Background: Oviparous females have three main options to increase their reproductive success: investing into egg number, egg mass and/or egg care. Although allocating resources to either of these three components is known to shape offspring number and size, potential trade-offs among them may have key impacts on maternal and offspring fitness. Here, we tested the occurrence of phenotypic trade-offs between egg number, egg mass and maternal expenditure on egg care in the European earwig, Forficula auricularia, an insect with pre- and post-hatching forms of maternal care. In particular, we used a series of laboratory observations and experiments to investigate whether these three components n…
Data from: Maternal antibodies contribute to sex based difference in hantavirus transmission dynamics
2014
Individuals often differ in their ability to transmit disease and identifying key individuals for transmission is a major issue in epidemiology. Male hosts are often thought to be more important than females for parasite transmission and persistence. However, the role of infectious females, particularly the transient immunity provided to offspring through maternal antibodies (MatAbs), has been neglected in discussions about sex-biased infection transmission. We examined the effect of host sex upon infection dynamics of zoonotic Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) in semi-natural, experimental populations of bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Populations were founded with either females or males that were …
The definition, screening, and treatment of postpartum anemia: A systematic review of guidelines.
2020
Background: Postpartum anemia can negatively affect maternal health and interfere with early parenting. Thus, it is important to have clear, evidence-informed recommendations on its diagnosis and treatment. Objective: To compare global recommendations regarding the appropriate management of postpartum anemia and to highlight similarities and differences. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, TRIP database, and Scopus, and in the websites of health institutions and scientific societies. Search terms were related to anemia and the postpartum period. Two hundred and eighty papers were identified; the full texts of 30 sets of guidelines were review…
Providing pediatric well-care and sick visits in the COVID-19 pandemic era: the recommendations of the Italian pediatric society.
2020
AbstractPediatricians have observed a significant decrease in in-person child health visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the post lockdown period, the coronavirus trend remains positive in Italy but fears of a second wave have recently grown in Italy due to active hotbeds of contagion. The pandemic may negatively affect the care of pediatric patients and overall children welfare as it may present with severe signs and symptoms or it may complicate. The Italian Pediatric Society recommend to separate well visits from sick ones, to educate families and to promote hygienic strategies to provide an adequate pediatric assistance in case of a second pandemic wave.
Evaluating the neurotoxic effects of lactational exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Spanish children.
2012
Although the brain continues developing in the postnatal period, epidemiological studies on the effects of postnatal exposure to neurotoxic POPs through breast-feeding remain mostly inconclusive. Failure to detect associations between postnatal exposure and health outcomes may stem from the limitations of commonly employed approaches to assess lactational exposure. The aim of the present study was to assess whether lactational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl-153 (PCB-153), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), or hexachlorobenzene (HCB) as estimated with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, is associated with decrements in mental and psychomotor development scores of…
Air pollution exposure during pregnancy and reduced birth size: a prospective birth cohort study in Valencia, Spain
2010
Abstract Background Maternal exposure to air pollution has been related to fetal growth in a number of recent scientific studies. The objective of this study was to assess the association between exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and anthropometric measures at birth in a cohort in Valencia, Spain. Methods Seven hundred and eighty-five pregnant women and their singleton newborns participated in the study. Exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was estimated by means of land use regression. NO2 spatial estimations were adjusted to correspond to relevant pregnancy periods (whole pregnancy and trimesters) for each woman. Outcome variables were birth weight, length, and head circumf…
Histometric investigations of placental villi in cases of unexpected fetal acidosis.
1994
It is not unusual that, after an apparently uneventful pregnancy and birth, postpartal analysis of fetal blood unexpectedly reveals the presence of peripartal acidosis, a finding that is inexplicable on the basis of routine observation of the placenta. Using computer-assisted histometric procedures, it is possible to make a quantitative assessment with respect to the maturity and differentiation of villi, thus casting light on the functional anatomy of these structures. 89 single-birth pregnancies were grouped in accordance to the pH of blood in the umbilical artery (pre-acidosis, acidosis, non acidotic). In acidotic newborns, there is an absolute reduction in the surface area of the placen…
What guidelines tell us about acute pancreatitis. A review of the last international guidelines
2014
Background Since the Atlanta Symposium several guidelines and consensus conferences have been published to improve the management and understanding of patients with acute pancreatitis. Herein, a review of the most recent guidelines on acute pancreatitis is carried out, trying to find differences and similarities.
Maternal personality profile of children affected by migraine
2013
Maria Esposito,1 Michele Roccella,2 Beatrice Gallai,3 Lucia Parisi,2 Serena Marianna Lavano,4 Rosa Marotta,4 Marco Carotenuto1 1Center for Childhood Headache, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; 2Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 3Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; 4Department of Psychiatry, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy Background: Empirical evidence of the important role of the family in primary pediatric headache has grown significantly in the last few years, although the interconnections between the dysfunctional process and the family interaction are still unclear. Even th…