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showing 10 items of 753 documents

Detector blockbased on arrays of 144 SiPMs and monolithic scintillators: A performane study

2015

[EN] We have developed a detector block composed by a monolithic LYSO scintillator coupled to a custom made 12 12 SiPMs array. The design is mainly focused to applications such as Positron Emission Tomography. The readout electronics is based on 3 identical and scalable Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC). We have determined the main performance of the detector block namely spatial, energy, and time resolution but also the system capability to determine the photon depth of interaction, for different crystal surface treatments. Intrinsic detector spatial resolution values as good as 1.7 mm FWHM and energies of 15% for black painted crystals were measured. & 2014 Elsevier B.V. All…

PhysicsNuclear and High Energy Physicsmedicine.medical_specialtyPhotonPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectorsbusiness.industryASICDetectorSilicon photomultipliersScintillatorScintillator crystalFull width at half maximumSilicon photomultiplierApplication-specific integrated circuitmedicineOptoelectronicsMedical physicsbusinessMATEMATICA APLICADAInstrumentationImage resolutionPositron Emission TomographyBlock (data storage)
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Modelling of Magnetic Resonance Spectra Using Mixtures for Binned and Truncated Data

2007

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) provides the biochemical composition of a tissue under study. This information is useful for the in-vivo diagnosis of brain tumours. Prior knowledge of the relative position of the organic compound contributions in the MRS suggests the development of a probabilistic mixture model and its EM-based Maximum Likelihood Estimation for binned and truncated data. Experiments for characterizing and classifying Short Time Echo (STE) spectra from brain tumours are reported.

PhysicsNuclear magnetic resonancemedicine.diagnostic_testMaximum likelihoodExpectation–maximization algorithmStatisticsmedicineBiochemical compositionMagnetic resonance imagingNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyMixture modelSpectral line
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Ideality factor behavior between the maximum power point and open circuit

2013

The local ideality factor analysis of dark and light I-V curves has been used in the past to study various performance degradation effects in solar cells. Trapping, edge recombination and injection-level-dependent recombination are expressed as “lumps, humps and bumps” in the plots of the local ideality factor over cell voltage (m-V plots). Earlier applications of this differential technique did not correct the plots for the series resistance effect. Thus, the bumps at the higher voltages introduced by some mechanisms were more difficult to quantify. A possible solution is to analyze ISC-VOC curves, but their measurement is not always possible. We present a formula for calculation of the RS…

PhysicsOpticsMaximum power principleEquivalent series resistanceOpen-circuit voltagebusiness.industryPoint (geometry)TrappingEdge (geometry)businessPlot (graphics)Computational physicsVoltage2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
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Measurements of the Branching Fraction andCP-Violation Asymmetries inB0→f0(980)KS0

2005

The authors present measurements of the branching fraction and CP-violating asymmetries in the decay B{sup 0} {yields} f{sub 0}(980)K{sub S}{sup 0}. The results are obtained from a data sample of 123 x 10{sup 6} {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} decays. From a time-dependent maximum likelihood fit they measure the branching fraction {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} f{sub 0}(980)({yields}{Pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0})K{sup 0}) = (6.0 {+-} 0.9 {+-} 0.6 {+-} 1.2) x 10{sup -6}, the mixing-induced CP violation parameter S = 1.62{sub -0.51}{sup +0.56} {+-} 0.09 {+-} 0.04 and the direct CP violation parameter C = 0.27 {+-} 0.36 {+-} 0.10 {+-} 0.07, where the first errors are statistical, the second systematic and …

PhysicsParticle decayParticle physicsCrystallography010308 nuclear & particles physicsBranching fractionMaximum likelihoodElectron–positron annihilation0103 physical sciencesGeneral Physics and AstronomyCP violation010306 general physics01 natural sciencesPhysical Review Letters
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Measurement of theCPAsymmetry and Branching Fraction ofB0→ρ0K0

2007

We present a measurement of the branching fraction and time-dependent CP asymmetry of B^0 to rho^0 K^0. The results are obtained from a data sample of 227 10^6 Y4S to BB_ decays collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP2 asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. From a time-dependent maximum likelihood fit yielding 111+/-19 signal events we find B(B^0 to rho^0 K^0)=(4.9+/-0.8+/-0.9) 10^-6, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. We report the measurement of the CP parameters S=0.20+/-0.52+/-0.24 and C=0.64+/-0.41+/-0.20.

PhysicsParticle physicsMeson010308 nuclear & particles physicsBranching fractionMaximum likelihoodmedia_common.quotation_subjectElectron–positron annihilationGeneral Physics and Astronomy01 natural sciencesAsymmetryB-factoryNuclear physicsParticle decay0103 physical sciencesCP violation010306 general physicsmedia_commonPhysical Review Letters
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High-resolution positron lifetime spectrometer with BaF2 scintillators

1987

In this communication we report on a design of a fast coincidence positron lifetime spectrometer, which is based on single crystal barium fluoride (BaF2) scintillators. A good time resolution (190ps, FWHM), combined with a high efficiency, has been obtained in the normal experimental set-up (with cathode earthed in the photo multipliers). The pile-up effect is observed to disturbe the measured lifetimes in the 180 degree geometry due to the high detection efficiency of the BaF2 scintillator.

PhysicsPhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)SpectrometerPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectorsbusiness.industryBarium fluorideGeneral EngineeringGeneral ChemistryScintillatorCathodeCoincidencelaw.inventionchemistry.chemical_compoundFull width at half maximumPositronOpticschemistrylawGeneral Materials SciencebusinessSingle crystalApplied Physics A Solids and Surfaces
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Improving the performance of CdZnTe detectors using infrared stimulation

2011

The influence of monochromatic optical stimulation with wavelengths from 400 nm to 1100 on characteristics of the CdZnTe quasi-hemispherical detectors was studied. It was found that illumination with infrared (IR) light of wavelengths (870–900 nm) close to the absorption edge of the CdZnTe significantly improves the detectors performance at room temperature. Improvement can be achieved with low-intensity IR illumination of about 1–10 µW. The higher intensity illumination leads to degradation of the detector spectrometric characteristics. Infrared radiation penetrates into the detector sensitive volume, change the balance equilibrium between free and trapped carriers, leading to improve char…

PhysicsPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectorsbusiness.industryInfraredDetectorTemperature measurementlaw.inventionWavelengthFull width at half maximumOpticsAbsorption edgelawOptoelectronicsMonochromatic colorbusinessAstrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsLight-emitting diode2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record
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A walk-free centroid method for lifetime measurements with pulsed beams

1978

Abstract A delayed-coincidence lifetime measurement method based on a comparison of walk-free centroids of time spectra is presented. The time is measured between the cyclotron rf signal and the pulse from a plastic scintillation detector followed by a fixed energy selection. The events to be time-analyzed are selected from the associated charge-particle spectrum of a silicon detector which is operated in coincidence with the scintillator, i.e. independently of the formation of the signal containing the time information. With this technique, with the micropulse fwhm of typically 500 to 700 ps, half-lives down to the 10 ps region can be measured. The following half-lives are obtained with th…

PhysicsPulse (signal processing)business.industryCyclotronGeneral MedicineScintillatorSignalSpectral lineCoincidencelaw.inventionFull width at half maximumNuclear magnetic resonanceOpticslawRadio frequencybusinessNuclear Instruments and Methods
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Steepest entropy ascent for two-state systems with slowly varying Hamiltonians.

2018

The steepest entropy ascent approach is considered and applied to two-state systems. When the Hamiltonian of the system is time-dependent, the principle of maximum entropy production can still be exploited; arguments to support this fact are given. In the limit of slowly varying Hamiltonians, which allows for the adiabatic approximation for the unitary part of the dynamics, the system exhibits significant robustness to the thermalization process. Specific examples such as a spin in a rotating field and a generic two-state system undergoing an avoided crossing are considered.

PhysicsQuantum PhysicsSettore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica Modelli E Metodi MatematiciPrinciple of maximum entropyAvoided crossingNon-linear dynamicAdiabatic EvolutionsNon-equilibrium thermodynamicsFOS: Physical sciences01 natural sciencesUnitary stateSettore FIS/03 - Fisica Della Materia010305 fluids & plasmasAdiabatic theoremNonlinear systemThermalisation0103 physical sciencesStatistical physics010306 general physicsQuantum Physics (quant-ph)Entropy (arrow of time)Statistical and Nonlinear PhysicNon-Equilibrium thermodynamicPhysical review. E
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Towards direct measurements of remitted photon path lengths in skin: kinetic studies in the range 520-800 nm

2019

Skin-remitted picosecond laser pulses have been detected at variable input-output fiber distances (8 … 20 mm) in the spectral range 520-800 nm, with subsequent analysis of the pulse shape changes. Transfer functions representing the temporal responses of remitted photons to infinitely narrow δ-pulse excitation have been calculated. Parameters related to the photon path length in skin – input-output pulse peak delays, pulse FWHM, travel times of the “initial” photons and distributions of the remitted photon path lengths – are presented and analyzed. The measurement results are in general agreement with the photon propagation model expectations

PhysicsRange (particle radiation)Full width at half maximumPhotonOpticsPath lengthbusiness.industryPhysics::OpticsbusinessKinetic energyTransfer functionExcitationPulse (physics)Novel Biophotonics Techniques and Applications V
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