Search results for "medicine.drug_class"

Long-term oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in low and middle income countries.

2021

With increasing life-expectancy and changing demographics, non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is currently the most common indication for long-term oral anticoagulation (OAC) in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Due to a decreasing trend in the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD), valve disease as a primary cause of AF now constitutes a small fraction of all people with AF. Moreover, emerging data also indicate that, patients with significant valve disease and AF may have a risk of stroke similar to, if not lower than, those with non-valvular AF. Previous trials of anticoagulation for AF excluded people from LMICs partly because valvular AF constituted a large proportion o…

Barbiturate jaundice

1969

Summary A case of barbital-induced jaundice is described. The patient, a 31-year-old woman, developed generalized skin eruption, mucosal lesions, and fever 2 hr after the ingestion of 2 tablets of a barbital-containing drug (Veramon). She then developed a deep cholestatic jaundice which lasted more than 7 months. During the remission of jaundice, a rechallenge with phenobarbital caused a recurrence of fever and skin eruption, with exacerbation of jaundice.

Head-to-head comparison of 1-week triple regimens combining ranitidine or omeprazole with two antibiotics to eradicate Helicobacter pylori

1999

Background : Triple therapies containing omeprazole and ranitidine have been shown to be equivalent in eradicating H. pylori infection, but have been assessed either separately or head-to-head, only in small trials. Aim : To carry out a large randomized controlled study comparing omeprazole and ranitidine combined with two antibiotic combinations for 1 week. Methods : Three hundred and twenty H. pylori-positive patients were randomly subdivided into four equal-sized groups and received one of the following treatments: OAM = omeprazole 20 mg b.d. + amoxycillin 1 g b.d. + metronidazole 500 mg b.d.; RAM = ranitidine 300 mg b.d. + amoxycillin 1 g b.d. + metronidazole 500 mg b.d.; OAC = omeprazo…

Management strategy for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a comparison between empirical treatment with esomeprazole and endoscopy-orien…

2008

Management Strategy for Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Comparison Between Empirical Treatment With Esomeprazole and Endoscopy-Oriented Treatment

The Val432Leu polymorphism of the CYP1B1 gene is associated with differences in estrogen metabolism and bone density.

2009

Polymorphisms of the CYP450 genes that encode for the enzymes that metabolize estrogen are linked to hormone-related cancers. We investigated the impact of two polymorphisms of the CYP1B1 gene previously reported to be associated with hormone-related disorders on estrogen metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD), another hormone-dependent condition, in women from different ethnic backgrounds. Four hundred sixty-eight postmenopausal Caucasian women, 220 from St. Louis, MO, USA (mean age=63.5+/-0.53 years) and 248 from Palermo, Italy (mean age=72.9+/-0.44 years) participated in the study. Measurements of urinary estrogen metabolites by enzyme-linked immunoassay, serum estradiol by ultrasensi…

The effect of oral hormone replacement therapy on lipoprotein profile, resistance of LDL to oxidation and LDL particle size

2001

Abstract Objectives: To disclose if oral estradiol (E 2 ), alone or in combination with natural progesterone (P) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), may modify the oxidizability of low density lipoprotein (LDL), and if the effect is achieved at physiological dosages. LDL oxidizability was assessed by the resistance to oxidation by copper and by the particle size profile, since small particles have increased oxidation susceptibility. Methods: Thirty-three women received two consecutive, two-month length doses of 1 and 2 mg/day of oral E 2 . They were then randomly assigned to a fourteen-day treatment of 2 mg/day E 2 plus either 300 mg/day P or 5 mg/day MPA. A parallel group of experiments …

Estrogen receptors α (ERα), ERβ and their variants may be responsible for estrogen implication in human liver carcinogenesis and tumor progression

2009

Cartridge syringe vs computer controlled local anesthetic delivery system: Pain related behaviour over two sequential visits - a randomized controlle…

2015

Background: Local anesthetic injection is one of the most anxiety provoking procedure in dentistry. Knowledge about change in pain related behaviour during consecutive visits helps in and scheduling of treatment procedures and management of children in dental clinic. Aim: To compare the pain perception, behavioural response and the associated change in physiological parameters while receiving local anesthesia injection with cartridge syringe and computer controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLAD) over two consecutive visits. Material and Methods: In this randomized controlled cross over trial, 120 children aged 7 – 11 years were randomly divided into group A: receiving injections w…

Hemodynamic changes following injection of local anesthetics with different concentrations of epinephrine during simple tooth extraction: A prospecti…

2015

Background Presence of epinephrine in local anesthetic cartridge increases the duration of local anesthesia (LA), decreases the risk of toxicity, and provides hemostasis. However, the unfavorable effects are increasing heart rate (HR) and raising blood pressure (BP). The aim was to evaluate hemodynamic changes in the BP, HR, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) of normal patients undergoing tooth extraction using LA with various epinephrine concentrations. Material and Methods A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted on 120 patients who were divided randomly into 3 parallel groups according to the LA received. Group 1: lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:80,000 (L80). Group 2: articaine 4%…

Comparison of anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve b…

2014

Objectives: This study was done to compare the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine with that of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine during pulpectomy in patients with irreversible pulpitis for inferior alveolar nerve block in mandibular posterior teeth. Material and Methods: Patients with irreversible pulpitis referred to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K.D. Dental College, randomly received a conventional inferior alveolar nerve block containing 1.8 mL of either 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine. After the patient's subjective assessment of lip anesthesia, the absence/presence of pulpal …