Search results for "medicine.drug_class"

Topical Airway Anesthesia for Awake-endoscopic Intubation Using the Spray-as-you-go Technique with High Oxygen Flow

2017

A patient's willingness to cooperate is an absolute precondition for successful awake intubation of the trachea. Whilst drug-sedation of patients can jeopardize their spontaneous breathing, topical anesthesia of the airway is a popular technique. The spray-as-you-go technique represents one of the simplest opportunities to anesthetize the airway mucosa. The application of local anesthetic through the working channel of the flexible endoscope is a widespread practice for anesthetists as well as pulmonologists. There is neither need for additional devices nor special training as a pre-requisite to perform this technique. However, a known clinical problem is the coughing and gagging reflex tha…

Multifocal disseminated lipoatrophy secondary to intravenous corticosteroid administration in a patient with adrenal insufficiency.

2002

Multifocal disseminated lesions of circumscribed lipoatrophy have not been described as an adverse reaction of intravenously applied drugs. A unique patient with adrenal insufficiency is reported who received corticosteroids intravenously and then had multiple lesions develop that were similar to focal lipoatrophy as known to occur secondary to faulty intradermal injections of corticosteroids.

Oral vinorelbine in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: rationale and implications for patient management.

2007

Vinorelbine is an established treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), both as a single agent and in combination chemotherapy. Recently, an oral form of this agent has been developed. Before accepting an established agent in a different administration form, rigorous testing is required to answer such questions as reliable bioavailability, continued safety and preservation of efficacy. In addition, an oral agent must provide patient convenience and acceptance, while being an economically sound approach. Oral vinorelbine was found to have acceptable and reliable pharmacokinetic profiles at clinically relevant dosage levels. Oral vinorelbine was found to have approximately 40…

Harnessing HLA‐E‐restricted CD8 T lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy of patients with severe COVID‐19

2020

SARS-CoV-2 is spreading worldwide, and is a pandemic virus that has infected almost 5 million individuals and causing 300.000 deaths, as of mid-May 2020. Because SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus in humans there are currently no vaccines, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or even effective drugs available. Human convalescent plasma transfusion is an option for either prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of COVID-19 patients, but its administration to patients who are affected by severe pulmonary disease is associated with increased risk of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).

Nanocapsules generated out of a polymeric dexamethasone shell suppress the inflammatory response of liver macrophages.

2012

Abstract Dexamethasone (DXM) is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties. Targeted delivery of dexamethasone to inflammatory cells, e.g. macrophages and Kupffer cells represents a promising approach to minimize side effects. The aim of the present study was to induce a targeted transport of novel DXM-based biodegradable nanocapsules to phagocytic cells. Nanocapsules (NCs) consisting of a hydroxyethylated glucose polymer (hydroxyethyl starch, HES) shell with encapsulated DXM and NCs synthesized exclusively in inverse miniemulsion out of DXM were investigated. Non-parenchymal murine liver cells served as target cells. HES-DXM NCs were predominantly incorporated by Kupffer …

Mediterranean diet and antihypertensive drug use: a randomized controlled trial

2021

Objective To examine in older individuals at high cardiovascular risk whether following a Mediterranean diet decreased the necessity of antihypertensive drugs and modulated their associated cardiovascular risk. Methods In the PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea study, we assessed whether volunteers randomly allocated to an intervention with a Mediterranean diet enriched with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts (relative to a low-fat control diet) disclosed differences in the risk of: initiating antihypertensive medication in nonusers at baseline (n = 2188); and escalating therapy in participants using one, two, or three drugs at baseline (n = 2361, n = 1579, and n = 554, respectively). We also ass…

Use of drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease in France: a study on a national level based on the National Alzheimer's Data Bank (Banque Nationale A…

2012

Purpose To examine the way in which specific drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease are used and whether their use complies with clinical practice guidelines issued by the French National Authority for Health in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methods We analysed a cross-section of the French National Alzheimer's databank (BNA). Participants were individuals who consulted centres contributing to the BNA in 2010 and diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and with at least one Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score recorded during the course of the year. Results Of 191 919 consultations recorded in the database, 29.9% involved a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, and 26 809 patients had co…

2012

Background and Purpose Diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) can be challenging, but it is highly relevant in patients presenting with sinus rhythm and acute cerebral ischemia. We aimed to evaluate prospectively whether natriuretic peptide levels and kinetics identify patients with paroxysmal AF. Methods Patients with acute cerebral ischemia were included into the prospective observational Find-AF study. N-terminal pro brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro atrial-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP) plasma levels were measured on admission, after 6 and 24 hours. Patients free from AF at presentation received 7 day Holt…

Comparison of three different antibiotic protocols in transurethral resection of bladder tumour and the possible infectious risk factors: A non-rando…

2018

Introduction: We sought to investigate three different antibiotic protocols in transurethral resection of a bladder tumour (TURBT), and the possible infectious risk factors of this surgery.Methods: We conducted a non-randomized, prospective study, gathering cases of patients in whom TURBT had been performed. The sample was divided into three groups based on those who received antibiotics as: a single preoperative dose (Group A); a preoperative dose, plus a long protocol during the hospitalization (Group B); a preoperative dose, plus a long protocol during the hospitalization, plus five days at home (Group C). Intra- and postoperative data that could be relevant to infections was gathered.Re…

Is the implementation of a microbiological surveillance screening beneficial in a neonatal intensive care unit?

2015

s of the 51st Workshop for Pediatric Research 51st Workshop for Pediatric Research Gottingen, Germany 16-17 April 2015 This supplement has not been sponsored. Meeting abstracts Background and aims Bacteria that cause nosocomial infections have often been found to colonize the patient's skin, respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract previously. In 2012 and 2013, the German Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infectious Disease Prevention recommended a microbiological screening of infants on neonatal intensive care units. Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) that should be considered in empiric antibiotic therapy, bacteria that cause invasive infections and bacteria that may elicit epidemic …