Search results for "memantine"
showing 10 items of 27 documents
Role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the long-term effects of repeated social defeat stress on the rewarding and psychomotor properties of cocai…
2019
Abstract Exposure to social stress increases the vulnerability of experimental animals to the rewarding effects of cocaine and it has been suggested that the glutamatergic system could be involved in these effects of stress. The aim of this work is to determine the role of N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors in the influence of social stress on the conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization induced by cocaine. Mice treated with saline or NMDA antagonist memantine (5 or 10 mg/kg) underwent repeated social defeat or were kept in the exploration control condition. After three weeks, all groups (SAL + RSD, M5 + RSD, M10 + RSD, SAL + EXP, M5 + EXP and M10 + EXP) were …
Generation and validation of algorithms to identify subjects with dementia using administrative data
2019
Objectives: To generate and validate algorithms for the identification of individuals with dementia in the community setting, by the interrogation of administrative records, an inexpensive and already available source of data. Methods: We collected and anonymized information on demented individuals 65 years of age or older from ten general practitioners (GPs) in the district of Brianza (Northern Italy) and compared this with the administrative data of the local health protection agency (Agenzia per la Tutela della Salute). Indicators of the disease in the administrative database (diagnosis of dementia in the hospital discharge records; use of cholinesterase inhibitors/memantine; neuropsycho…
Pharmacological Neuroenhancement: Substances and Epidemiology
2013
Pharmacological neuroenhancement (PN) refers to the general use of psychoactive substances with the purpose of cognitive enhancement (e.g. enhancement of vigilance, concentration, memory or mood) by healthy subjects. Substances for PN include Over-the-Counter- (OTC-) substances such as coffee, caffeinated drinks/energy drinks, caffeine tablets and Ginkgo biloba as well as prescription drugs and illicit drugs (e.g. (psycho-) stimulants). “Brain doping” refers to the illicit use of a subcategory of these substances. On the one hand, this subcategory includes prescription drugs for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sleep disorders, Alzheimer’s disease and depres…
The NMDA receptor complex: a promising target for novel antiepileptic strategies.
2001
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) cover a broad spectrum of pathological conditions ranging from seizures following congenital or acquired brain disorders to behavioural and psychiatric disorders and recently neuropathic pain. The need for novel antiepileptics raises from the expanding field of indications as well as from the fact, that special seizure types are refractory to common AEDs. In addition, many of the conventional antiepileptic drugs exhibit an unfavourable side-effect profile. Since there is growing evidence, that NMDA receptor activation might play a crucial role in epilepsy, NMDA receptor antagonists have become compounds of interest in preventing and treating seizures. This review …
Novel approaches in diagnosis and therapy of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
2000
The scrapie prion protein, PrP(Sc), as well as its peptide fragment, PrP106-126, are toxic on neuronal cells, resulting in cell death by an apoptotic, rather than necrotic mechanism. The apoptotic process of neuronal cells induced by prion protein supports diagnosis and offers potential targets for therapeutic intervention of the prion diseases. Among the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins, which may serve as markers of neuronal cell death associated with prion diseases, the 14-3-3 protein(s) turned out to be the most promising one. A new sensitive assay allows the detection of even small changes in the normally low levels of these proteins. In vitro, the toxic effects displayed by PrP(Sc) …
Memantine does not block antiaggressive effects of morphine in mice.
2002
The action of the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker memantine (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) was evaluated during social encounters in mice. Although a dose-dependent increase in locomotion was observed, only with the highest dose did it reach statistical significance. Aggressive behavior was decreased with 20 and 40 mg/kg of memantine, social contacts being increased only with 20 mg/kg. Subsequently, the effect of these memantine doses on the antiaggressive actions of morphine (10 mg/kg) was evaluated. None of the doses affected the antiaggressive action of morphine. As memantine administration produced an antiaggressive effect only at doses that affected locomotion, it…
Neuroactive compounds produced by bacteria from the marine sponge Halichondria panicea: activation of the neuronal NMDA receptor
1998
Abstract Previous studies revealed that the marine sponge Halichondria panicea habors symbiotic- and commensalic bacteria ( Althoff et al., 1998 . Marine Biol. 130, 529–536). In the present study the hypothesis was tested whether some of those bacteria synthesize neuroactive compounds. For the first time the effect of bacterial bioactive compounds on the neuronal ionotropic glutamate receptors [iGluR], subtype N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor, was checked. In cortical neurons from rats as cell system the supernatant of two bacterial cultures isolated from H. panicea proved to agonize the NMDA receptor. The response of the NMDA receptor to the bioactive compounds was determined by mea…
Cytoprotective effect of NMDA receptor antagonists on prion protein (PrionSc)-induced toxicity in rat cortical cell cultures
1993
Rat cortical cells were incubated with the Scrapie prion protein, PrionSc. At concentrations of 3 ng/ml of PrionSc and higher, the viability of the cells decreased significantly after a 12-h incubation period. Simultaneously, the degree of DNA fragmentation increased. In control experiments with antibodies against PrionSc, PrionSc lost its deleterious effect on neurons. PrionSc did not affect the viability of astrocytes. Drugs known to block NMDA receptor channels, such as memantine (1-amino-3,5-dimethyl-adamantane) (Mem), its analogue 1-N-methylamino-3,5-dimethyl-adamantane as well as (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801) prevented the effect of …
Antagonists and agonists at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor for therapeutic interventions.
2003
For decades neuroreceptor research has focused on the development of NMDA glycine-site antagonists, after Johnson and Ascher found out in 1987 about the co-agonistic character of this achiral amino acid at the NMDA receptor. Contrary to the inhibitory glycine receptor (glycine(A)) the glycine binding site on the NMDA receptor (glycine(B)) is strychnine-insensitive. A great diversity of diseases showing a disturbed glutamate neurotransmission have been linked to the NMDA receptor. Glycine site antagonists have been investigated for acute diseases like stroke and head trauma as well as chronic ones like dementia and chronic pain.
Understanding Factors Associated With Psychomotor Subtypes of Delirium in Older Inpatients With Dementia
2020
Objectives Few studies have analyzed factors associated with delirium subtypes. In this study, we investigate factors associated with subtypes of delirium only in patients with dementia to provide insights on the possible prevention and treatments. Design This is a cross-sectional study nested in the "Delirium Day" study, a nationwide Italian point-prevalence study. Setting and participants Older patients admitted to 205 acute and 92 rehabilitation hospital wards. Measures Delirium was evaluated with the 4-AT and the motor subtypes with the Delirium Motor Subtype Scale. Dementia was defined by the presence of a documented diagnosis in the medical records and/or prescription of acetylcholine…