Search results for "mesenchymal stem cell"
showing 10 items of 399 documents
The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Thymus and Mediastinum: What Is New in Thymic Epithelial, Germ Cell, and Mesenchymal Tumors?
2022
Abstract This overview of the fifth edition of the WHO classification of thymic epithelial tumors (including thymomas, thymic carcinomas, and thymic neuroendocrine tumors [NETs]), mediastinal germ cell tumors, and mesenchymal neoplasms aims to (1) list established and new tumor entities and subtypes and (2) focus on diagnostic, molecular, and conceptual advances since publication of the fourth edition in 2015. Diagnostic advances are best exemplified by the immunohistochemical characterization of adenocarcinomas and the recognition of genetic translocations in metaplastic thymomas, rare B2 and B3 thymomas, and hyalinizing clear cell carcinomas. Advancements at the molecular and tumor biolog…
Changes in the Transcriptome Profiles of Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Induced by Three-Dimensional Culture: A Potential Primin…
2022
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are believed to function in vivo as a homeostatic tool that shows therapeutic properties for tissue repair/regeneration. Conventionally, these cells are expanded in two-dimensional (2D) cultures, and, in that case, MSCs undergo genotypic/phenotypic changes resulting in a loss of their therapeutic capabilities. Moreover, several clinical trials using MSCs have shown controversial results with moderate/insufficient therapeutic responses. Different priming methods were tested to improve MSC effects, and three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques were also examined. MSC spheroids display increased therapeutic properties, and, in this context, it is crucial…
Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A New Potential Treatment for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales in Decompensated Cirrhosis
2022
Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe and often fatal infection in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and ascites. The only cure for SBP is antibiotic therapy, but the emerging problem of bacterial resistance requires novel therapeutic strategies. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hA-MSCs) possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that can be harnessed as a therapy in such a context. Methods: An in vitro applications of hA-MSCs in ascitic fluid (AF) of cirrhotic patients, subsequently infected with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, was performed. We evaluated the effects of hA-MSCs on bacterial load, innate immunity factors, and macr…
Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, the Immunological Key Words of Severe COVID-19. Is There a Role for Stem Cell Transplantation?
2021
The outcomes of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vary depending on the age, health status and sex of an individual, ranging from asymptomatic to lethal. From an immunologic viewpoint, the final severe lung damage observed in COVID-19 should be caused by cytokine storm, driven mainly by interleukin-6 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, which immunopathogenic status precedes this “cytokine storm” and why the male older population is more severely affected, are currently unanswered questions. The aging of the immune system, i.e., immunosenescence, closely associated with a low-grade inflammatory status called “inflammageing,” should play a key role. The remodeling of both innate …
Alginate-Agarose Hydrogels Improve the In Vitro Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Chondrocytes. A Histological Study
2021
[EN] Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) has shown promising results for cartilage repair, combining cultured chondrocytes and hydrogels, including alginate. The ability of chondrocytes for MACI is limited by different factors including donor site morbidity, dedifferentiation, limited lifespan or poor proliferation in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells could represent an alternative for cartilage regeneration. In this study, we propose a MACI scaffold consisting of a mixed alginate-agarose hydrogel in combination with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), suitable for cartilage regeneration. Scaffolds were characterized according to their rheological properties, and their…
Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics
2009
Abstract Metaplastic breast cancers (MBC) are aggressive, chemoresistant tumors characterized by lineage plasticity. To advance understanding of their pathogenesis and relatedness to other breast cancer subtypes, 28 MBCs were compared with common breast cancers using comparative genomic hybridization, transcriptional profiling, and reverse-phase protein arrays and by sequencing for common breast cancer mutations. MBCs showed unique DNA copy number aberrations compared with common breast cancers. PIK3CA mutations were detected in 9 of 19 MBCs (47.4%) versus 80 of 232 hormone receptor–positive cancers (34.5%; P = 0.32), 17 of 75 HER-2–positive samples (22.7%; P = 0.04), 20 of 240 basal-like c…
Purinergic receptors influence the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
2011
Adult stem cells, including adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or ectomesenchymal dental follicle cells (DFCs), attract considerable attention for their potential to differentiate into lineages, which are of major interest in the field of Regenerative Medicine. Purinergic receptors exert a wide range of biological actions in many cell and tissue types through extracellular nucleotides. Little is known about P2 receptors in adult stem cells and changes in their expression levels during differentiation. All known P2 receptors have been investigated, and a variety of P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes were detected in MSCs. Studies investigating intracellular calcium levels on rec…
Implantation of bilayered plla scaffolds loaded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCS) in a sheep model of osteochondral lesions
2012
[EN] Purpose: Cartilage injuries are poorly repaired after surgery, since cartilage is a tissue with a very limited capacity to regenerate. Apart from other surgical attempts, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) was the first cell therapy approach developed for these kinds of lesions. Chondrocyte usage nevertheless is limited by the dedifferentiation occurred when expanded in monolayer. Bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) emerge as ideal cells to be implanted in the site of cartilage lesions. Methods: Here we use MSC to treat sheep cartilage lesions implanted in the upper cartilage layer of bilayered PLLA scaffolds, which hold a lower layer enriched with Hydroxiapatite to…
Management of immature teeth by dentin-pulp regeneration : a recent approach
2010
Treatment of the young permanent tooth with a necrotic root canal system and an incompletely developed root is very difficult and challenging. Few acceptable results have been achieved through apexification but use of long-term calcium hydroxide might alter the mechanical properties of dentin. Thus, one alternative approach is to develop and restore a functional pulp-dentin complex. Procedures attempting to preserve the potentially remaining dental pulp stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells of the apical papilla can result in canal revascularization and the completion of root maturation. There are several advantages of promoting apexogenesis in immature teeth with open apices. It encourages…
The Deep-Sea Natural Products, Biogenic Polyphosphate (Bio-PolyP) and Biogenic Silica (Bio-Silica), as Biomimetic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineeri…
2013
Bone defects in human, caused by fractures/nonunions or trauma, gain increasing impact and have become a medical challenge in the present-day aging population. Frequently, those fractures require surgical intervention which ideally relies on autografts or suboptimally on allografts. Therefore, it is pressing and likewise challenging to develop bone substitution materials to heal bone defects. During the differentiation of osteoblasts from their mesenchymal progenitor/stem cells and of osteoclasts from their hemopoietic precursor cells, a lineage-specific release of growth factors and a trans-lineage homeostatic cross-talk via signaling molecules take place. Hence, the major hurdle is to fab…