Search results for "messenger"
showing 10 items of 1493 documents
Ythdf is a N6‐methyladenosine reader that modulates Fmr1 target mRNA selection and restricts axonal growth in Drosophila
2021
Abstract N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) regulates a variety of physiological processes through modulation of RNA metabolism. This modification is particularly enriched in the nervous system of several species, and its dysregulation has been associated with neurodevelopmental defects and neural dysfunctions. In Drosophila, loss of m6A alters fly behavior, albeit the underlying molecular mechanism and the role of m6A during nervous system development have remained elusive. Here we find that impairment of the m6A pathway leads to axonal overgrowth and misguidance at larval neuromuscular junctions as well as in the adult mushroom bodies. We identify Ythdf as the main m6A reader in the nervous system,…
Spatio-temporal expression of Prospero is finely tuned to allow the correct development and function of the nervous system in Drosophila melanogaster.
2007
0012-1606 (Print) Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Adaptive animal behaviors depend upon the precise development of the nervous system that underlies them. In Drosophila melanogaster, the pan-neural prospero gene (pros), is involved in various aspects of neurogenesis including cell cycle control, axonal outgrowth, neuronal and glial cell differentiation. As these results have been generally obtained with null pros mutants inducing embryonic lethality, the role of pros during later development remains poorly known. Using several pros-Voila (prosV) alleles, that induce multiple developmental and behavioral anomalies in the larva and in adult, we explored the…
Distribution of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in the central and peripheral nervous systems of the rat.
1994
Expression of the acetylcholine biosynthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), and the high-affinity plasma membrane choline transporter uniquely defines the cholinergic phenotype in the mammalian central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous systems. The distribution of cells expressing the messenger RNA encoding the recently cloned VAChT in the rat CNS and PNS is described here. The pattern of expression of VAChT mRNA is consistent with anatomical, pharmacological, and histochemical information on the distribution of functional cholinergic neurons in the brain and peripheral tissues of the rat. VAChT mRNA-containing cells are present in…
Post-weaning social isolation rearing influences the expression of molecules related to inhibitory neurotransmission and structural plasticity in the…
2012
Several lines of evidence indicate that alterations in the structure of neural circuits and inhibitory neurotransmission underlie the physiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. Most of the studies on these parameters have been focused on cortical regions and, despite the crucial role of the amygdala in this psychiatric disorder, there is less information on this region. In order to expand this knowledge, we have studied the expression of molecules related to inhibitory neurotransmission and structural plasticity in rats subjected to post-weaning isolation rearing, an animal model that reproduces several core symptoms of schizophrenia. We have analyzed, using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, the …
Ursolic acid from the Chinese herb Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza L.) upregulates eNOS and downregulates Nox4 expression in human endothelial cells
2007
Danshen, the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae), is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines for cardiovascular indications. In EA.hy 926 cells, a cell line derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), an aqueous extract of danshen, and also a methanol extract of the plant, increased eNOS promoter activity, eNOS mRNA and protein expression, as well as endothelial NO production. A dichloromethane extract, in contrast, did not change eNOS gene expression. Thus, the active danshen constituent(s) responsible for eNOS upregulation is (are) hydrophilic and/or alcohol-soluble. One such compound is ursolic acid that significantly increased eNOS ex…
Sporogen, S14-95, and S-curvularin, three inhibitors of human inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression isolated from fungi.
2003
The induction of human inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) expression depends (among other factors) on activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway. Therefore, the STAT1 pathway may be an appropriate target for the development of inhibitors of iNOS expression. HeLa S3 cells transiently transfected with a gamma-activated site (GAS)/interferon-stimulated response element-driven reporter gene construct were used as the primary screening system. Using this system, three novel inhibitors of interferon-gamma-dependent gene expression, namely, sporogen, S14-95, and S-curvularin, were isolated from different Penicillium species. These three compounds also …
Regulation of the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
2010
Publisher Summary This chapter reveals how nitric oxide (NO) generated by the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) exerts multiple beneficial microbicidal, antiviral, antiparasital, complex immunomodulatory, and antitumoral effects. Aberrant iNOS induction in the wrong place or at the wrong time has detrimental consequences and it is involved in the pathophysiology of several human diseases. Therefore, iNOS has to be regulated very tightly. The inducible isoform of NOS is mainly regulated at the level of expression. The mechanisms regulating iNOS expression involve modulation of promoter activity, mRNA stability and translatability, and protein stability. Modulation of iNOS exp…
Insights into mRNP biogenesis provided by new genetic interactions among export and transcription factors.
2012
Abstract Background The various steps of mRNP biogenesis (transcription, processing and export) are interconnected. It has been shown that the transcription machinery plays a pivotal role in mRNP assembly, since several mRNA export factors are recruited during transcription and physically interact with components of the transcription machinery. Although the shuttling DEAD-box protein Dbp5p is concentrated on the cytoplasmic fibrils of the NPC, previous studies demonstrated that it interacts physically and genetically with factors involved in transcription initiation. Results We investigated the effect of mutations affecting various components of the transcription initiation apparatus on the…
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in neuro-olfactory tissues: expression, regulation, and function.
2010
International audience; This work aims to review uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) expression and activities along different neuronal structures involved in the common physiological process of olfaction: olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, and olfactory cortex. For the first time, using high-throughput in situ hybridization data generated by the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA), we present quantitative analysis of spatial distribution of UGT genes in the mouse brain. The olfactory area is a central nervous system site with the highest expression of UGTs, including UGT isoforms not previously identified in the brain. Since there is evidence of the transfer of xenobiotics to th…
Rat olfactory bulb and epithelium UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A1 (UGT2A1) expression: in situ mRNA localization and quantitative analysis.
2001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) form a multigenic family of enzymes involved in the biotransformation and elimination of numerous endo- and xenobiotic compounds. Beside the diverse UGT isoforms present in the liver as well as in other tissues, the UGT2A1 isoform, also called olfactory UGT, was initially thought to be expressed in the nasal epithelium only. In this work, we demonstrate the UGT2A1 mRNA expression in the olfactory bulb, using in situ hybridization and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Within the epithelium, UGT2A1 mRNA is mainly found in the sustentacular cells and to a lesser extent in Bowman's gland cells. Moreover, in situ…