Search results for "microRNA."

MicroRNAs in solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation: Potential biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic use

2020

Abstract Nowadays, solid organ transplantation (SOT) is an established treatment for patients with end-organ dysfunction, which dramatically improves the quality-of-life. Vascularized composite allotransplants (VCAs) including hand and face have been reported worldwide over the last 20 years. However, VCAs, differently to SOT, are life-enhancing instead of life-saving and are not routinely performed due to the risk of immune rejection and the adverse effects of immunosuppression. Over the past decade, although considerable improvements in short-term outcomes after allotransplantation have been registered, these results have not been translated into major progress in long-term allograft acce…

A stress-responsive miRNA regulates BMP signaling to maintain tissue homeostasis

2021

Adult organisms must sense and adapt to environmental fluctuations. In high-turnover tissues such as the intestine, these adaptive responses require rapid changes in gene expression that, in turn, likely involve posttranscriptional gene control. However, intestinal-tissue-specific microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulatory pathways remain unexplored. Here, we report the role of an intestinal-specific miRNA, miR-958, that non-cell autonomously regulates stem cell numbers during tissue homeostasis and regeneration in the Drosophila adult midgut. We identify its downstream target cabut, the Drosophila ortholog of mammalian KLF10/11 transcription factors, which mediates this miR-958 function by promo…

Selective MicroRNA-Offset RNA Expression in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

2015

Small RNA molecules, including microRNAs (miRNAs), play critical roles in regulating pluri-potency, proliferation and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. miRNA-offset RNAs (moRNAs) are similar in length to miRNAs, align to miRNA precursor (pre-miRNA) loci and are therefore believed to derive from processing of the pre-miRNA hairpin sequence. Recent next generation sequencing (NGS) studies have reported the presence of moRNAs in human neurons and cancer cells and in several tissues in mouse, including pluripotent stem cells. In order to gain additional knowledge about human moRNAs and their putative development-related expression, we applied NGS of small RNAs in human embryonic stem cel…

HUMAN LIVER AND MICRORNA PROFILING:EFFECTS OF DONOR AND RECIPIENT AGE-MISMATCH IN TRASPLANT.

2012

P0926 : Representation of human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in murine models

2015

COX-2 enhances insulin signaling. Finally, the relationship between COX-2 and the miRNAs was confirmed in NAS. Conclusions: COX-2 represses the expression of miRNAs implicated in the insulin signaling pathway via a PI3K/p300-dependent upregulation of DDX5, and by modulating the activity of the Drosha complex. Our study proposes a novel miRNA-dependent mechanism through which COX-2 promotes insulin signaling in liver cells.

Epigenetic regulation of methionine adenosyltransferase 1A: a role for MicroRNA-based treatment in liver cancer?

2013

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and methionine adenosyltransferase 1A (MAT1A) are dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and reduced MAT1A expression correlates with worse HCC prognosis. Expression of miR-664, miR-485-3p, and miR-495, potential regulatory miRNAs of MAT1A, is increased in HCC. Knockdown of these miRNAs individually in Hep3B and HepG2 cells induced MAT1A expression, reduced growth, and increased apoptosis, while combined knockdown exerted additional effects on all parameters. Subcutaneous and intraparenchymal injection of Hep3B cells stably overexpressing each of this trio of miRNAs promoted tumorigenesis and metastasis in mice. Treatment with miRNA-664 (miR-664), miR-485-3p, and…

Efficient Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts and Blood-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells Using Nonmodified RNA for Reprogramming and Immune Evasion

2015

mRNA reprogramming results in the generation of genetically stable induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells while avoiding the risks of genomic integration. Previously published mRNA reprogramming protocols have proven to be inconsistent and time-consuming and mainly restricted to fibroblasts, thereby demonstrating the need for a simple but reproducible protocol applicable to various cell types. So far there have been no published reports using mRNA to reprogram any cell type derived from human blood. Nonmodified synthetic mRNAs are immunogenic and activate cellular defense mechanisms, which can lead to cell death and inhibit mRNA translation upon repetitive transfection. Hence, to overcome RNA…

Evolutionary conservation and function of the human embryonic stem cell specific miR-302/367 cluster

2015

miRNA clusters define a group of related miRNAs closely localized in the genome with an evolution that remains poorly understood. The miR-302/367 cluster represents a single polycistronic transcript that produces five precursor miRNAs. The cluster is highly expressed and essential for maintenance of human embryonic stem cells. We found the cluster to be highly conserved and present in most mammals. In primates, seed sequence and miRNA structure are conserved, but inter-precursor sequences are evolving. Insertions of new miRNAs, deletions of individual miRNAs, and a cluster duplication observed in different species suggest an actively evolving cluster. Core transcriptional machinery consisti…

Human osteosarcoma 3AB-OS cancer stem cells is a model to study microRNA-29b-1 involvement in self-renewal and fate decisions of stem cells

2014

DNA Methylation and Non-Coding RNAs during Tissue-Injury Associated Pain.

2022

While about half of the population experience persistent pain associated with tissue damages during their lifetime, current symptom-based approaches often fail to reduce such pain to a satisfactory level. To provide better patient care, mechanism-based analgesic approaches must be developed, which necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the nociceptive mechanism leading to tissue injury-associated persistent pain. Epigenetic events leading the altered transcription in the nervous system are pivotal in the maintenance of pain in tissue injury. However, the mechanisms through which those events contribute to the persistence of pain are not fully understood. This review provides a summar…