Search results for "microbiology"
showing 10 items of 7546 documents
Metabolic and process engineering for biodesulfurization in Gram-negative bacteria
2017
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Hog1p activation by marasmic acid through inhibition of the histidine kinase Sln1p
2016
BACKGROUND The histidine kinase (HK) MoHik1p within the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway is known to be the target of the fungicide fludioxonil. Treatment of the fungus with fludioxonil causes an uncontrolled hyperactivation of the pathway and cell death. In this study, we used a target-based in vivo test system with mutant strains of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae to search for new fungicidal compounds having various target locations within the HOG pathway. Mutants with inactivated HOG signalling are resistant to fungicides having the target located in the HOG pathway. RESULTS The HK MoSln1p was identified as being involved in the new antifungal mode of action of marasmic a…
Electrochemical identification of toxigenic fungal species using solid-state voltammetry strategies.
2018
An electrochemical methodology for the characterization of mycotoxin-producing fungal species from the genera Aspergillus and Fusarium using solid-state voltammetry is described. Upon attachment of fungal colony microsamples to glassy carbon electrodes in contact with aqueous acetate buffer, characteristic voltammetric signals mainly associated to the oxidation of polyphenolic metabolites are recorded. The possibility of fungi-localized electrochemical processes was assessed by means of electron microscopy and field emission scanning electrochemical microscopy coupled to the application of oxidative potential inputs. Using pattern recognition methods, the determined voltammetric profiles we…
Antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria and their application for Fusarium mycotoxin reduction in malting wheat grains
2018
Abstract This study mainly focuses on finding a strategy for reduction of Fusarium mycotoxin in malting wheat grains, predominantly used in the production of beverages and certain baked goods. The effect of treatment with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), T-2 and HT-2 toxins contained in malting wheat grains was studied. Additionally, the impact of bio-treatment with bio-products based on cheese whey permeate previously fermented with LAB on microbial contamination and germination capacity of grains was studied. Treatment with Lactobacillus sakei KTU05-6, Pediococcus acidilactici KTU05-7, and Pediococcus pentosaceus KTU05-8, KTU05-09, and KTU05-10 strain…
Transcriptional Changes after Enniatins A, A1, B and B1 Ingestion in Rat Stomach, Liver, Kidney and Lower Intestine
2021
Enniatins (ENs) are depsipeptide mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi. They are known for their capacity to modulate cell membrane permeability and disruption of ionic gradients, affecting cell homeostasis and initiating oxidative stress mechanisms. The effect of the acute toxicity of ENs A, A1, B and B1 at two different concentrations after 8 h of exposure was analysed in Wistar rats by a transcriptional approach. The following key mitochondrial and nuclear codified genes related to the electron transport chain were considered for gene expression analysis in stomach, liver, kidney and lower intestine by quantitative Real-Time PCR: mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 1 (MT-ND1), mit…
Potential benefits of colostrum in gastrointestinal diseases
2016
This paper reviews the composition of colostrum and the potential preventive and therapeutic use of this "first milk" for treating various gastrointestinal disorders in humans. Colostrum is a complex biological liquid that is richer in antimicrobial peptides, immune-regulating compounds and growth factors than the subsequent mature milk. The main functions of colostrum are to provide essential nutritional components, strengthen the natural defense system, modulate immune response, balance intestinal microbiota and enhance the growth and repair of several tissues. Several studies and clinical trials carried out both in vitro and in vivo on humans and animals suggest the clinical benefits of …
Conjugative ESBL plasmids differ in their potential to rescue susceptible bacteria via horizontal gene transfer in lethal antibiotic concentrations.
2017
Conjugative ESBL plasmids differ in their potential to rescue susceptible bacteria via horizontal gene transfer in lethal antibiotic concentrations
Retrospective Proteomic Screening of 100 Breast Cancer Tissues.
2017
The present investigation has been conducted on one hundred tissue fragments of breast cancer, collected and immediately cryopreserved following the surgical resection. The specimens were selected from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, the most frequent and potentially aggressive type of mammary cancer, with the objective to increase the knowledge of breast cancer molecular markers potentially useful for clinical applications. The proteomic screening; by 2D-IPG and mass spectrometry; allowed us to identify two main classes of protein clusters: proteins expressed ubiquitously at high levels in all patients; and proteins expressed sporadically among the same patients. Wit…
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors from Marine Invertebrates
2020
Simple Summary Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that control gene expression and are involved in the onset of serious human pathologies, including cancer; hence, their inhibitors (HDACis) have received increased attention in recent years. It is known that marine invertebrates produce significant amounts of molecules showing active pharmacological properties and an extensive spectrum of biomedical applications. This review is focused on the description of the molecular, biochemical, and, where available, physiological aspects of marine invertebrate-derived compounds that possess HDACi properties, taking into consideration their possible utilization as treatment agents against differe…
Optical Cross-Sectional Muscle Area Determination of <em>Drosophila Melanogaster</em> Adult Indirect Flight Muscles
2018
Muscle mass wasting, known as muscle atrophy, is a common phenotype in Drosophila models of neuromuscular diseases. We have used the indirect flight muscles (IFMs) of flies, specifically the dorso-longitudinal muscles (DLM), as the experimental subject to measure the atrophic phenotype brought about by different genetic causes. In this protocol, we describe how to embed fly thorax muscles for semi thin sectioning, how to obtain a good contrast between muscle and the surrounding tissue, and how to process optical microscope images for semiautomatic acquisition of quantifiable data and analysis. We describe three specific applications of the methodological pipeline. First, we show how the met…