Search results for "microbiology"

showing 10 items of 7546 documents

Efficacy and tolerability of switching to a dual therapy with darunavir/ritonavir plus raltegravir in HIV-infected patients with HIV-1 RNA ≤50 cp/…

2017

Background: Nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) toxicity may represent a threat for long-term success of combined antiretroviral therapy. Some studies have suggested a possible improvement of NRTI-related toxicity after switching to NRTI-sparing regimens. Objectives: We aimed to explore the efficacy and tolerability of switching to darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) plus raltegravir (RAL) while having a viral load (VL) ≤50 copies/mL in the clinical setting. Study design: Treatment-experienced HIV 1-infected patients enrolled in the ICONA Foundation Study cohort were included if they switched their current regimen to DRV/r + RAL with a HIV-RNA ≤50 copies/mL. Different defin…

0301 basic medicineMaleHIV InfectionsAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Darunavir; Drug Therapy Combination; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; RNA Viral; Raltegravir Potassium; Ritonavir; Viral LoadGastroenterologyCohort StudiesAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability0302 clinical medicineMedicineNRTI-sparing regimen030212 general & internal medicineViralDarunavireducation.field_of_studyLamivudineGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedViral LoadTolerabilityAntiretroviral therapyInfectious DiseasesTolerabilityItalyCombinationRNA ViralDrug Therapy CombinationFemaleViral loadmedicine.drugAdultMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyEfficacyAnti-HIV Agents030106 microbiologyPopulationDarunavir/ritonavir; Raltegravir; Efficacy; Tolerability; Antiretroviral therapy; NRTI-sparing regimenSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVELower riskNO03 medical and health sciencesDrug TherapyInternal medicineRaltegravir PotassiumHumanseducationDarunavirRitonavirbusiness.industryDarunavir/ritonavirRaltegravirRaltegravirHIV-1RNARitonavirbusinessAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability;
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Long-term Immune Response to Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination Regimens in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized…

2016

International audience; IMPORTANCE:Data on long-term immune responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in adults with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection are scarce.OBJECTIVE:To compare long-term (up to month 42) immune responses to the standard HBV vaccination regimen with a 4-injection intramuscular double-dose regimen and a 4-injection intradermal low-dose regimen.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:The phase 3, open-label, multicenter parallel-group (1:1:1 allocation ratio) randomized clinical trial was conducted from June 28, 2007, to October 23, 2008, at 33 centers in France. Participants included 437 HBV-seronegative adults with HIV-1 and CD4 cell counts of more than…

0301 basic medicineMaleHIV Infectionsmedicine.disease_causelaw.inventionMESH: HIV-10302 clinical medicineRandomized controlled triallawSingle-Blind Method030212 general & internal medicineMESH: Hepatitis B AntibodiesMESH: Treatment Outcomeeducation.field_of_study[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathologyMESH: Middle AgedVaccinationMESH: Follow-Up StudiesMESH: HIV InfectionsHepatitis BMiddle Aged16. Peace & justiceHepatitis BMESH: Injections Intramuscular3. Good healthVaccinationTreatment OutcomeFemaleFranceIntramuscular injectionAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyHepatitis B vaccineInjections Intradermal030106 microbiologyPopulationInjections Intramuscular03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicineInternal MedicinemedicineHumansHepatitis B VaccinesHepatitis B AntibodieseducationHepatitis B virusMESH: Injections IntradermalMESH: Hepatitis B VaccinesMESH: HumansMESH: Hepatitis Bbusiness.industryMESH: AdultMESH: Vaccinationmedicine.diseaseMESH: Single-Blind MethodMESH: MaleSurgeryMESH: FranceRegimenHIV-1MESH: BiomarkersbusinessMESH: FemaleBiomarkers[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathologyFollow-Up Studies
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The Socio-Economic Health Deprivation Index and its association with mortality and attitudes towards influenza vaccination among the elderly in Paler…

2019

Abstract Introduction Inequality levels are associated with vaccination coverage among the older and at risk population hypothesizing socio-economic status (SES) as a determinant of health status. The aim of the study was to evaluate the trend of health outcome and socio-health-economic-status deprivation index (IDPA) among elderly people in Palermo city, Italy . Methods The Palermo Unit of 2015 CCM project deal with collection of data useful to validate IDPA using the Italian census data from 2009 to 2015 on overall mortality and cause of death. The preventive outcome used to validate the IDPA index was vaccination coverage from 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 influenza season among Palermo elderly…

0301 basic medicineMaleHealth Knowledge Attitudes PracticeVaccination CoverageDatabases FactualHealth Status030106 microbiologySettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata03 medical and health sciencesSocial determinants of health0302 clinical medicineElderlyInfluenza Humansocio-economic deprivation index; influenza vaccination coverage; elderly; Social determinants of healthHumans030212 general & internal medicineMortalitySicilyAgedCensusesInfluenza vaccination coverageSocial ClassInfluenza VaccinesFemaleOriginal ArticleSocio-Economic Deprivation Index
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Interferon-γ-Driven iNOS: A Molecular Pathway to Terminal Shock in Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fever

2017

Arenaviruses such as Lassa virus (LASV) cause hemorrhagic fever. Terminal shock is associated with a systemic cytokine storm, but the mechanisms are ill defined. Here we used HLA-A2-expressing mice infected with a monkey-pathogenic strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV-WE), a close relative of LASV, to investigate the pathophysiology of arenavirus hemorrhagic fever (AHF). AHF manifested as pleural effusions, edematous skin swelling, and serum albumin loss, culminating in hypovolemic shock. A characteristic cytokine storm included numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites. Edema formation and terminal shock were abrogated in mice lacking inducible nit…

0301 basic medicineMaleHemorrhagic Fevers ViralNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIBiologyLymphocytic Choriomeningitisddc:616.07Lymphocytic choriomeningitismedicine.disease_causeNitric OxideMicrobiologyViral hemorrhagic fever03 medical and health sciencesInterferon-gammaMice0302 clinical medicineVirologymedicineAnimalsHumansLymphocytic choriomeningitis virusLassa feverArenavirusddc:617medicine.diseasebiology.organism_classification3. Good healthNitric oxide synthaseMice Inbred C57BLDisease Models Animal030104 developmental biologyLassa virus030220 oncology & carcinogenesisShock (circulatory)Immunologybiology.proteinParasitologyFemalemedicine.symptomCytokine storm
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Incidence and risk factors for liver enzyme elevation among naive HIV-1-infected patients receiving ART in the ICONA cohort

2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the incidence and risk factors for liver enzyme elevations (LEE) in patients initiating first-line ART in the ICONA prospective observational cohort, between June 2009 and December 2017.Patients and methodsIn total, 6575 ART-naive patients were selected, initiating two NRTIs with the third drug being a boosted PI (n=2436; 37.0%), an NNRTI (n=2384; 36.3%) or an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) (n=1755; 26.7%). HBV surface antigen and HCV RNA were detected in 3.9% and 5.8% of the study population. Inverse probability weighted Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the HRs, according to first-line regimen, for LEE, defined as ALT or AST increases…

0301 basic medicineMaleIntegrase inhibitorHepatitis B Surface AntigenHIV Infections0302 clinical medicineRisk Factorshivh epatitis c rna surface antigens follow-up homosexuality integrase inhibitors hepatitis b virus hepatitis b virus measurement hiv infections hepatotoxicity hepatitis c virus coinfection nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors cox proportional hazards models baseline value liver enzyme raltegravirPharmacology (medical)HIV Infection030212 general & internal medicineProspective StudiesProspective cohort studyCoinfectionIncidence (epidemiology)Liver DiseaseIncidenceLiver Diseasesvirus diseasesHepatitis CMiddle AgedHepatitis CReverse Transcriptase InhibitorInfectious DiseasesCohortCoinfectionPopulation studyRegression AnalysisReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsFemalemedicine.drugHumanMicrobiology (medical)Adultmedicine.medical_specialtyAnti-HIV AgentsRegression AnalysiNO03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicinemedicineHumansHIV Integrase InhibitorsHIV Protease InhibitorPharmacologyHepatitis B Surface Antigensbusiness.industryAnti-HIV AgentHIV ARTHIV Protease Inhibitorsmedicine.diseaseRaltegravir030112 virologyHIV Integrase InhibitorProspective StudieHIV-1businessAdult Anti-HIV Agents Coinfection Female Hepatitis B Surface Antigens Hepatitis C HIV Infections HIV Integrase Inhibitors HIV Protease Inhibitors HIV-1 Humans Incidence Liver Diseases Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Risk Factors
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Gut Microbiome Developmental Patterns in Early Life of Preterm Infants: Impacts of Feeding and Gender.

2015

Gut microbiota plays a key role in multiple aspects of human health and disease, particularly in early life. Distortions of the gut microbiota have been found to correlate with fatal diseases in preterm infants, however, developmental patterns of gut microbiome and factors affecting the colonization progress in preterm infants remain unclear. The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study was to explore day-to-day gut microbiome patterns in preterm infants during their first 30 days of life in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and investigate potential factors related to the development of the infant gut microbiome. A total of 378 stool samples were collected daily from 29 stable/…

0301 basic medicineMaleLongitudinal studyNeonatal intensive care unitPhysiologylcsh:MedicinePhysiologyGut floraPathology and Laboratory MedicineFamilies0302 clinical medicineAntibioticsMedicine and Health Scienceslcsh:ScienceChildrenBreast Milk2. Zero hungerMultidisciplinarybiologyAntimicrobialsMicrobiotaDrugsGenomicsBacterial PathogensBody FluidsIntestinesMilkMedical MicrobiologyFemaleInfant FoodPathogensAnatomyInfantsInfant PrematureResearch ArticleEnterobacterialesMicrobial GenomicsBreast milkMicrobiologyMicrobiology03 medical and health sciencesSex FactorsMicrobial ControlGeneticsHumansMicrobiomeMicrobial PathogensClostridiumPharmacologyBacterialcsh:RGut BacteriaInfant NewbornOrganismsBiology and Life SciencesNeonatesbiology.organism_classificationPostnatal age030104 developmental biologyAge GroupsPeople and Placeslcsh:QPopulation GroupingsMicrobiomeBacteroides030217 neurology & neurosurgeryDevelopmental BiologyPloS one
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Increased PD-1 Expression and Altered T Cell Repertoire Diversity Predict Mortality in Patients with Septic Shock: A Preliminary Study

2017

Sepsis causes impairment of innate and adaptive immunity by multiple mechanisms, including depletion of immune effector cells and T cell exhaustion. Although lymphocyte dysfunction is associated with increased mortality and potential reactivation of latent viral infection in patients with septic shock, the relation between viral reactivation and lymphocyte dysfunction is obscure. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the relation of lymphocyte dysfunction to viral reactivation and mortality, and 2) to evaluate recovery of lymphocyte function during septic shock, including T cell receptor (TCR) diversity and the expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1). In 18 patients with septic …

0301 basic medicineMaleLymphocyteReceptor expressionProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptorlcsh:MedicineCytomegalovirusGene ExpressionArtificial Gene Amplification and ExtensionPathology and Laboratory MedicineImmune ReceptorsBiochemistryPolymerase Chain ReactionMonocytesWhite Blood Cells0302 clinical medicineSpectrum Analysis TechniquesAnimal CellsT-Lymphocyte SubsetsMedicine and Health SciencesLymphocyteslcsh:ScienceAged 80 and overMultidisciplinaryImmune System ProteinsT CellsMiddle AgedAcquired immune systemFlow CytometryPrognosisShock Septicmedicine.anatomical_structurePhenotypeSpectrophotometryShock (circulatory)Cytomegalovirus InfectionsFemaleCytophotometrymedicine.symptomCellular TypesResearch ArticleSignal TransductionT cellImmune CellsImmunologyReceptors Antigen T-CellBiologyResearch and Analysis MethodsMicrobiologyImmunophenotypingSepsis03 medical and health sciencesImmune systemSigns and SymptomsDiagnostic MedicineSepsisVirologymedicineHumansMolecular Biology TechniquesMolecular BiologyAgedBlood CellsSeptic shocklcsh:RBiology and Life SciencesProteins030208 emergency & critical care medicineCell BiologyHLA-DR Antigensmedicine.diseaseViral ReplicationT Cell Receptors030104 developmental biologyCase-Control StudiesImmunologylcsh:QBiomarkersPLoS ONE
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Use of Cepheid Xpert Carba-R® for Rapid Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Bacteria in Abdominal Septic Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit.

2016

Abstract Early institution of effective antibiotic therapy and source control are pivotal to improve survival of abdominal septic patients. Xpert® Carba-R is a real time polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection and differentiation of five genes (blaKPC, blaVIM, blaOXA-48, blaIMP-1, blaNDM) responsible for carbapenem resistance. We performed an observational study investigating the clinical usefulness and applicability of Xpert® Carba-R to detect carbapenem resistance in abdominal septic patients admitted to intensive care unit. We compared the results of Xpert® Carba-R with standard microbiological culture. We collected a set of two rectal/stomia swabs and two swabs from abdomina…

0301 basic medicineMaleMicrobiological cultureAntibioticslcsh:MedicineArtificial Gene Amplification and ExtensionPathology and Laboratory MedicinePolymerase Chain Reactionlaw.inventionKlebsiella Pneumoniae0302 clinical medicinelawAntibioticsKlebsiellaEpidemiologymultidrug resistance sepsis intensive care unitAbdomenMedicine and Health SciencesMedicine030212 general & internal medicinelcsh:ScienceMultidisciplinaryAntimicrobialsCepheid Xpert Carba-R®DrugsMicrobial CulturesMiddle AgedIntensive care unitHospitalsBacterial PathogensIntensive Care UnitsAbdominal SurgeryMedical MicrobiologyFemaleBiological CulturesPathogensResearch ArticleDNA Bacterialmedicine.medical_specialtymedicine.drug_class030106 microbiologySurgical and Invasive Medical ProceduresResearch and Analysis MethodsReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionRapid detectionMicrobiologySensitivity and Specificitybeta-Lactamases03 medical and health sciencesAntibiotic resistanceBacterial ProteinsEnterobacteriaceaeDiagnostic MedicineInternal medicineIntensive careMicrobial ControlSepsisDrug Resistance BacterialHumansMED/41 - ANESTESIOLOGIAMolecular Biology TechniquesMicrobial PathogensMolecular BiologyAgedPharmacologyBacteriabusiness.industrylcsh:ROrganismsRectumBiology and Life SciencesSurgeryHealth CareCarbapenemsHealth Care FacilitiesAntibiotic Resistancelcsh:QAntimicrobial ResistanceReagent Kits DiagnosticbusinessAbdominal surgery
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Dopamine neurons drive fear extinction learning by signaling the omission of expected aversive outcomes

2018

Extinction of fear responses is critical for adaptive behavior and deficits in this form of safety learning are hallmark of anxiety disorders. However, the neuronal mechanisms that initiate extinction learning are largely unknown. Here we show, using single-unit electrophysiology and cell-type specific fiber photometry, that dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are activated by the omission of the aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) during fear extinction. This dopamine signal occurred specifically during the beginning of extinction when the US omission is unexpected, and correlated strongly with extinction learning. Furthermore, temporally-specific optogenetic inhibition o…

0301 basic medicineMaleMouseExtinction PsychologicalPhotometry0302 clinical medicineFear conditioningBiology (General)extinctionGeneral NeuroscienceQRElectroencephalographyGeneral MedicineFearmusculoskeletal systemhumanitiesVentral tegmental areamedicine.anatomical_structureMedicineAnxietymedicine.symptomdopaminePsychologygeographic locationsmedicine.drugResearch ArticleQH301-705.5ScienceOptogeneticsUnconditioned stimulussafety learningGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology03 medical and health sciencesextinction ; fear conditioning ; safety learning ; dopamineDopaminemedicineAvoidance LearningAnimalsLearningddc:610General Immunology and MicrobiologyDopaminergic NeuronsVentral Tegmental AreaExtinction (psychology)social sciencesfear conditioningMice Inbred C57BLOptogeneticsElectrophysiology030104 developmental biologyNeuroscience030217 neurology & neurosurgeryNeuroscience
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Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Doublesex and Mab-3 Related Transcription Factor (DMRT3) in Nasal Polyp Epithelial Cells of Patients Suffering from…

2021

Background: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a syndrome characterised by chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, asthma and aspirin intolerance. An imbalance of eicosanoid metabolism with anover-production of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) has been associated with AERD. However, the precise mechanisms underlying AERD are unknown. Objective: To establish the transcriptome of the nasal polyp airway epithelial cells derived from AERD patients to discover gene expression patterns in this disease. Methods: Nasal airway epithelial cells were isolated from 12 AERD polyps and 8 AERD non-polyp nasal mucosa samples as controls from the same subjects. Utilising the Illumina HiSeq 2500 …

0301 basic medicineMaleMucous membrane of noseBiochemistryDMRT3TranscriptomeTranscription Factors TFII0302 clinical medicinetranscriptome analysisGene expressionMedicineNasal polypsRNA-SeqEicosanoid metabolismAnti-Inflammatory Agents Non-SteroidalMiddle AgedImmunohistochemistryQR1-502030220 oncology & carcinogenesisImmunohistochemistryFemalemedicine.symptomAdultLeukotrienesAspirin-exacerbated respiratory diseaseInflammationMicrobiologyArticle03 medical and health sciencesImmune systemNasal Polypsotorhinolaryngologic diseasesHumansSinusitisMolecular BiologySkin TestsAspirinbusiness.industryGene Expression Profilingnasal airwayEpithelial Cellsmedicine.diseaseRespiration Disorders030104 developmental biologyImmunologyChronic DiseaseNasal LavageAsthma Aspirin-InducedbusinessTranscriptomeBiomolecules
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