Search results for "microbiome"

Impact of Plastic Debris on the Gut Microbiota of Caretta caretta From Northwestern Adriatic Sea

2021

Plastic pollution is nowadays a relevant threat for the ecological balance in marine ecosystems. Small plastic debris (PD) can enter food webs through various marine organisms, with possible consequences on their physiology and health. The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta), widespread across the whole Mediterranean Sea, is a “flagship species,” useful as indicator of the general pollution level of marine ecosystems. Ingested PD accumulate in the final section of turtles’ digestive tract before excretion. During their transit and accumulation, PD also interact with the residing microbial community, with possible feedback consequences on the host’s health. To explore the possible relati…

The impact of liquid-pressurized extracts of Spirulina, Chlorella and Phaedactylum tricornutum on in vitro antioxidant, antiinflammatory and bacteria…

2022

The impact of Spirulina, Chlorella and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) microalgal extracts obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, microbial growth and in vitro gut microbiota composition was evaluated. PLE, compared to conventional extraction, led to a significant (p < 0.05) increase in proteins, carbohydrates, polyphenols, and antioxidant capacities of the three microalgal extracts. Moreover, Spirulina and P. tricornutum extracts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the in vitro activation of the inflammatory NF-κB pathway. The microalgal extracts had also an inhibitory effect on the pathogenic bacteria while potential benefi…

New Effects of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics

2020

The human milk microbiome changes over lactation and is shaped by maternal weight and mode of delivery

2012

Background Breast milk is recognized as the most important postpartum element in metabolic and immunologic programming of health of neonates. The factors influencing the milk microbiome and the potential impact of microbes on infant health have not yet been uncovered. Objective Our objective was to identify pre- and postnatal factors that can potentially influence the bacterial communities inhabiting human milk. Design We characterized the milk microbial community at 3 different time points by pyrosequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in mothers (n = 18) who varied in BMI, weight gain, and mode of delivery. Results We found that the human milk microbiome changes over lactati…

Microbiome in Embryonic Implantation and Implantation Failure

2017

The latest advances in microbial detection with next-generation sequencing have enabled the study of low biomass microbiomes of tissues and organs previously considered sterile, such as the endometrium. Most recently an abnormal endometrial microbiota has been associated with implantation failure, pregnancy loss, as well as other gynecological and obstetrical conditions. Further investigation of the reproductive tract microbiome in physiological and pathological conditions will allow researchers to unravel the role of bacterial communities and its function in the uterine cavity before, during, and after pregnancy. As knowledge of the reproductive tract microbiome evolves, there are data whi…

Evaluation of Changes in Gut Microbiota in Patients with Crohn’s Disease after Anti-Tnfα Treatment: Prospective Multicenter Observational Study

2020

Background: Crohn’s disease is believed to result from the interaction between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors and gut microbiota, leading to an aberrant immune response. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative changes in the microbiota of patients with Crohn’s disease after six months of anti-tumor-necrosis factor (anti-TNFα) (infliximab or adalimumab) treatment and to determine whether these changes lead to the recovery of normal microbiota when compared to a control group of healthy subjects. In addition, we will evaluate the potential role of the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii/Escherichia coli and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii/Clostridium…

Pathogens and host immunity in the ancient human oral cavity.

2014

Calcified dental plaque (dental calculus) preserves for millennia and entraps biomolecules from all domains of life and viruses. We report the first high-resolution taxonomic and protein functional characterization of the ancient oral microbiome and demonstrate that the oral cavity has long served as a reservoir for bacteria implicated in both local and systemic disease. We characterize: (i) the ancient oral microbiome in a diseased state, (ii) 40 opportunistic pathogens, (iii) the first evidence of ancient human-associated putative antibiotic resistance genes, (iv) a genome reconstruction of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia, (v) 239 bacterial and 43 human proteins, allowing co…

Are multi-omics enough?

2016

Multi-omic techniques are often seen as the future of microbiome studies. We argue that recent strategies for simplifying complex omic-derived data will need to be combined with improved cultivation techniques to pave the way towards a more targeted approach for understanding microbial communities.

The role of gut micorbiome in obesity and diabetes

2019

Background Obesity and diabetes became a grooving problem in both adults and children. Many hypotheses concerned agents involved in the excessive weight gain process and it’s consequences. Not only genetic or environmental factors, but also intestinal microbiome seems to play a role in the pathophysiology of this phenomenon. Data sources A systematic review was conducted using Pubmed as the medical database source. Studies concerning connection between microbiome and metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes from last 10 years were analyzed. Results Intestinal bacteria may be involved both in the development of obesity, and its further complications. The pro-infammatory and immunomod…

Beyond Physical Exercise: The Role of Nutrition, Gut Microbiota and Nutraceutical Supplementation in Reducing Age-related Sarcopenia

2021

Sarcopenia is a commonly prevalent geriatric condition mainly characterized by progressive loss of the skeletal muscle mass that results in noticeably reduced muscle strength and quality. Most of the geriatric population above 60 years of age are overweight, leading to the accumulation of fat in the muscles resulting in abated muscle function. The increased loss of muscle mass is associated with high rates of disability, poor motility, frailty and mortality. The excessive degeneration of muscles is now also being observed in middle-aged people. Therefore, geriatrics has recently started shifting towards the identification of early stages of the disability in order to expand the life span o…