Search results for "microbiota"

Role of Microbiota in development, gene expression and epigenetic modifications in D. melanogaster host model

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes have developed mutually beneficial relationships over millennia of evolutionary adaptation. Recent observations suggest a strong correlation between the presence of Microbiota and host homeostasis, but little is known about the mechanisms they use to shape the physiology and to reprogram gene expression of their host. Using both conventionally reared and germ-free D. melanogaster as a model system, I found a role of bacteria in host protein expression and development, as germ-free flies develop more slowly than their conventional counterpart. Remarkably, using the classic variegated In(1)wm4 inversion, I identified a role of Microbiota as modifier of white Positio…

Long-term intake of Lacticaseibacillus helveticus enhances bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids in the mouse retina

2023

Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are required for the structure and function of the retina. They could also help to prevent or delay the development of retinopathies. Given the accumulating evidence showing the role of gut microbiota in regulating retinal physiology and host lipid metabolism, we evaluated the potential of long-term dietary supplementation with the Gram-positive bacterium Lacticaseibacillus helveticus strain VEL12193 to modulate the retinal n-3 PUFA content. A set of complementary approaches was used to study the impact of such a supplementation on the gut microbiota and host lipid/fatty acid (FA) metabolism. L. helv…

A Critical Perspective on the Supplementation of Akkermansia muciniphila: Benefits and Harms

2023

Akkermansia muciniphila is a mucin-degrading bacterium of the intestinal niche, exerting beneficial effects on the host metabolic profile. Accumulating evidence indicated Akkermansia as a promising therapeutic probiotic against metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, in specific intestinal microenvironments, its excessive enrichment may be not beneficial. Conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Salmonella typhimurium infection or post-antibiotic reconstitution may not benefit from Akkermansia supplementation. Furthermore, using Akkermansia in patients with endocrine and gynecological disorders—such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PC…

Structure and Function of CutC Choline Lyase from Human Microbiota Bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae.

2015

CutC choline trimethylamine-lyase is an anaerobic bacterial glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) that cleaves choline to produce trimethylamine (TMA) and acetaldehyde. In humans, TMA is produced exclusively by the intestinal microbiota, and its metabolite, trimethylamine oxide, has been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, information about the three-dimensional structures of TMA-producing enzymes is important for microbiota-targeted drug discovery. We have cloned, expressed, and purified the CutC GRE and the activating enzyme CutD from Klebsiella pneumoniae, a representative of the human microbiota. We have determined the first crystal structures of both the choline-…

A randomized controlled trial for response of microbiome network to exercise and diet intervention in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2021

AbstractExercise and diet are treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and prediabetes, however, how exercise and diet interventions impact gut microbiota in patients is incompletely understood. We previously reported a 8.6-month, four-arm (Aerobic exercise, n = 29; Diet, n = 28; Aerobic exercise + Diet, n = 29; No intervention, n = 29) randomized, singe blinded (for researchers), and controlled intervention in patients with NAFLD and prediabetes to assess the effect of interventions on the primary outcomes of liver fat content and glucose metabolism. Here we report the third primary outcome of the trial—gut microbiota composition—in participants who completed the trial (22 i…

The Microbiota: A Microbial Ecosystem Built on Mutualism Prevails

2019

The evolution and changing ecology of the African hominid oral microbiome

2021

Significance The microbiome plays key roles in human health, but little is known about its evolution. We investigate the evolutionary history of the African hominid oral microbiome by analyzing dental biofilms of humans and Neanderthals spanning the past 100,000 years and comparing them with those of chimpanzees, gorillas, and howler monkeys. We identify 10 core bacterial genera that have been maintained within the human lineage and play key biofilm structural roles. However, many remain understudied and unnamed. We find major taxonomic and functional differences between the oral microbiomes of Homo and chimpanzees but a high degree of similarity between Neanderthals and modern humans, incl…

Effect of virgin low density polyethylene microplastic ingestion on intestinal histopathology and microbiota of gilthead sea bream

2021

© 2021 The Authors.

Interplay between Intestinal Bacterial Communities and Unicellular Parasites in a Morbidly Obese Population: A Neglected Trinomial

2022

Obesity is an epidemic causing a metabolic health crisis. Herein, the interactions between the gut prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities, metabolic comorbidities and diet were studied. Stool samples from 56 subjects, 47 with type III obesity and 9 with type II obesity and cardiovascular risk or metabolic disease, were assessed for the richness, diversity and ecology of the bacterial gut community through metagenomics, together with the study of the presence of common unicellular eukaryote parasites (Blastocystis sp., Dientamoeba fragilis and Giardia intestinalis) by qPCR. Clinical information regarding metabolic comorbidities and non-alcoholic hepatic fatty liver disease was gathered. To a…

Implication of an odorant-binding protein in precopulatory behaviour and interaction with the bacterial microbiota

2023

Chemoreception allows animals to detect nutritive food and avoid toxic compounds. Volatile and non-volatile chemical compounds, which are detected by olfactory and gustatory sensory organs, can trigger feeding and reproductive behaviours in animals such as Drosophila melanogaster. Inside chemosensory organs, perireceptor proteins like odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) serve to transport odorant and tastant molecule to dedicated receptors. OBPs are not only involved in chemoreception but also in several other functions. A recent study revealed an interaction between insect microbiota and OBP expression while another one showed that microbes can promote nutrient harvesting on food. In our proje…