Search results for "microbiota"
showing 10 items of 500 documents
The microbial community of the coelomic fluid of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus
2016
Effects of antibiotics and Clostridium difficile infection on the human gut microbiota
2015
El cuerpo humano está poblado por complejas comunidades microbianas (definidas como microbiota)que han colonizado una gran variedad de regiones como la piel, las vías respiratorias, o el tracto gastrointestinal,entre otras. La mayor cantidad de microorganismos y la diversidad más alta se encuentran en el tracto gastrointestinal. La microbiota intestinal participa en una gran variedad de funciones que benefician al hospedador como la digestión de los carbohidratos de la dieta y obtención de energía, la síntesis de vitaminas y amino ácidos esenciales, el desarrollo y homeostasis del sistema inmune, la proliferación y diferenciación del epitelio intestinal y la protección contra patógenos opor…
Zespół przerostu bakteryjnego jelita cienkiego
2021
Zespół przerostu bakteryjnego jelita cienkiego (SIBO) jest heterogennym zespołem charakteryzującym się wzrostem liczby i/lub obecnością nietypowych bakterii w jelicie cienkim. Na złożoną etiologię SIBO składają się zaburzenia ochronnych mechanizmów przeciwbakteryjnych jak zmniejszona kwaśność soku żołądkowego, zewnątrzwydzielnicza niewydolność trzustki, zespoły niedoboru odporności oraz nieprawidłowości anatomiczne jak niedrożność jelita cienkiego, uchyłki, przetoki, hirurgiczna ślepa pętla, wcześniejsze resekcje krętniczo-kątnicze oraz zaburzenia ruchliwości. Objawy kliniczne SIBO mogą być niespecyficzne. Najczęściej występuje niestrawność, biegunka, wzdęcia, dyskomfort w jamie brzusznej. …
Intestinal dysbiosis and hormonal neuroendocrine secretion in the fibromyalgic patient
2018
Fibromyalgia is a rheumatic syndrome and its pathogenesis is controversial. The recent literature has placed considerable attention on the link between alteration of the intestinal microbiota and fibromyalgia, emphasizing the close connection between the neuroenteric system and the CNS. This study aims to evaluate the probable relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and altered secretion of hormones and vitamins such as cortisol, serotonin, Vitamin D and thyroid hormones in a patient with fibromyalgia.
Six-Week Endurance Exercise Alters Gut Metagenome That Is not Reflected in Systemic Metabolism in Over-weight Women
2018
Recent studies suggest that exercise alters the gut microbiome. We determined whether six-weeks endurance exercise, without changing diet, affected the gut metagenome and systemic metabolites of overweight women. Previously sedentary overweight women (n = 19) underwent a six-weeks endurance exercise intervention, but two were excluded due to antibiotic therapy. The gut microbiota composition and functions were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomics. Body composition was analyzed with DXA X-ray densitometer and serum metabolomics with NMR metabolomics. Total energy and energy-yielding nutrient intakes were analyzed from food records using Micro-Nutrica software. Serum…
Elemental and microbiota content in indoor and outdoor air using recuperation unit filters
2021
Detection and quantification of engineered nanomaterials in environmental systems require precise knowledge of the elemental composition, association, and ratios in homologous natural nanomaterials (NNMs). Here, we characterized soil NNMs at the single particle level using single particle-inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometer (SP-ICP-TOF-MS) in order to identify the elemental purity, composition, associations, and ratios within NNMs. Elements naturally present as a major constituent in NNMs such as Ti, and Fe occurred predominantly as pure/single metals, whereas elements naturally present at trace levels in NNMs occurred predominantly as impure/multi-metal NNMs such as…
The Sick Adipose Tissue: New Insights Into Defective Signaling and Crosstalk With the Myocardium
2021
Adipose tissue (AT) biology is linked to cardiovascular health since obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and positively correlated with excessive visceral fat accumulation. AT signaling to myocardial cells through soluble factors known as adipokines, cardiokines, branched-chain amino acids and small molecules like microRNAs, undoubtedly influence myocardial cells and AT function via the endocrine-paracrine mechanisms of action. Unfortunately, abnormal total and visceral adiposity can alter this harmonious signaling network, resulting in tissue hypoxia and monocyte/macrophage adipose infiltration occurring alongside expanded intra-abdominal and epicardial fat depots seen …
Innovations in Infant Feeding: Future Challenges and Opportunities in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease
2020
The field of nutrition in early life, as an effective tool to prevent and treat chronic diseases, has attracted a large amount of interest over recent years. The vital roles of food products and nutrients on the body’s molecular mechanisms have been demonstrated. The knowledge of the mechanisms and the possibility of controlling them via what we eat has opened up the field of precision nutrition, which aims to set dietary strategies in order to improve health with the greatest effectiveness. However, this objective is achieved only if the genetic profile of individuals and their living conditions are also considered. The relevance of this topic is strengthened considering the importance of …
Depletion of
2020
Child obesity constitutes a risk factor for developing insulin resistance which, if sustained, could lead to more severe conditions like type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood. Our study identified previously unknown species whose depletion (Blautia luti and Blautia wexlerae) is associated with insulin resistance in obese individuals. Our results also indicate that these bacterial species might help to reduce inflammation causally linked to obesity-related complications. Childhood is considered a window of opportunity to tackle obesity. These new findings provide, therefore, valuable information for the future design of microbiota-based strategies for the early prevention of obesity-related com…
New developments in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced hypertension
2015
Obesity is a disorder that develops from the interaction between genotype and environment involving social, behavioral, cultural, and physiological factors. Obesity increases the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer, musculoskeletal disorders, chronic kidney and pulmonary disease. Although obesity is clearly associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension, many obese individuals may not develop hypertension. Protecting factors may exist and it is important to understand why obesity is not always related to hypertension. The aim of this review is to highlight the knowledge gap for the association between obesity, hypertension, and potential …