Search results for "milieu"
showing 10 items of 19813 documents
Geometry of conjugated double bonds of CLA isomers in a commercial mixture and in their hepatic 20∶4 metabolites
1999
Rats were fed a fat-free diet for 2 wk. After this period, while maintaining the animals on the same diet, the rats were given intragastrically 180 mg per day of a mixture of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) as triacylglycerols. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of this mixture, as well as hydrazine reduction and GC-MS and GC-Fourier transform infrared analyses of the resulting monoenes, revealed the presence of two major isomers, the 9c,11t- and the 10t,12c-18:2 accompanied by smaller amounts of the 8t, 10c and the 11c, 13t-18:2 isomers. Minor quantities of cis,cis and trans,trans conjugated isomers also were detected. The total fatty acid methyl esters from the liver li…
Comparative effects of equivalent intakes of 18:3 (n-3) and of marine (n-3) fatty acids on rat cardiac phospholipid contents and fatty acid compositi…
1990
Abstract Three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 4 weeks purified diets containing 15% by weight of oil mixtures varying in the nature and content of (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) but supplying similar levels of 18:2 (n-6) (10% of the total dietary fatty acids) and of saturated fatty acids (19% of the total fatty acids). The First diet (“Low 18:3”) contained small amounts of 18:3 (0.5% of the total fatty acids), the second (“18:3”) contained linolenic acid (10% of the total fatty acids) as the only source of (n-3) PUFA and the third one (“LC (n-3)”) contained the same amount of long chain (n-3) PUFA (mainly 20:5 and 22:6). Heart phospholipid classes were separated b…
Defining sensory descriptors: towards writing rules based on terminology
2007
International audience; Descriptive analysis relies upon the use of sensory descriptors. They are words generally associated to a definition aimed at helping their understanding. However, the writing rules for such definitions remain implicit. The present work is a collaborative attempt from sensory analysts and linguists to get further insight into how definitions are elaborated.Definition formulations were analyzed according to linguistic criteria, syntactic (type and number of nouns, verbs and adjectives) as well as semantic ones (relations of synonymy, metaphor or analogy between the descriptors and their definitions). Such a linguistic analysis was performed on one hundred descriptor d…
The influence of storage conditions on flavour changes in human milk
2009
http://www.sciencedirect.com/ ; http://www.elsevier.com/; International audience; The effects of freeze-storage on human milk have been investigated with regard to sensory changes and modifications in the molecular composition of constituent odour-active volatiles. Sensory evaluation showed that fishy-metallic odour attributes are generated during storage, as are rancid-sweaty odour notes, which were described by panellists to be highly unpleasant. To monitor the dynamics of off-odour development in human milk, sensory evaluation in both orthonasal and retronasal mode was performed at defined time intervals of storage, with parallel evaluation of human milk samples that had been heated prio…
Comparison of conventional descriptive analysis and a citation frequency-based descriptive method for odor profiling: An application to Burgundy Pino…
2010
International audience; The limitations of intensity scoring when describing the odor characteristics of a complex product have been documented in the literature. In the present work, the odor properties of 12 Burgundy Pinot noir wines were described by two independent panels performing, respectively, an intensity-based (conventional descriptive analysis) and a citation frequency-based method. Methods were compared according to three criteria: similarity of the sensory maps, control of panel performance and practical aspects. Intensity scoring and citation frequency data were analyzed, respectively, by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Correspondence Analysis (CA) followed by Hierarch…
Synthesis and influence of fatty acid esters on the foliar penetration of herbicides
1998
Abstract Synthesis of mono-esters of tetraethylene glycol and di-esters of tetraethylene glycol was accomplished from fatty acids and tetraethylene glycol in the absence of solvent and catalyst. Esterification was studied in a batch reactor by using a response surface methodology to evaluate the influence of synthesis variables such as molar substrate ratio of fatty acid relative to tetraethylene glycol (1.39–7.52), temperature (145–167°C), reaction time (0.5–8 h) on the yield of mono- and di-esters of tetraethylene glycol. A multipurpose reactor was developed for the transformation of fatty acids into pure α-monoglycerides. The 1-monoglycerides of heptanoic, undecelenic, oleic, linoleic an…
Perception of wine quality according to extrinsic cues: The case of Burgundy wine consumers
2013
International audience; The value consumers put on specific products depends on the information they can get from experience and from the commercial description of the products. For wine, this information derives mainly from tasting (intrinsic factors) and from the packaging of the bottles (extrinsic factors). The main purpose of this work is to compare different methodologies able to disclose the extrinsic factors playing an important role in wine quality perception of consumers. Twenty-four Chardonnay commercial wines were selected according to different criteria such as origin, denomination of origin and information provided in the label or back label. Forty-eight participants living in …
La coopération transfrontalière en matière de santé comme réponse aux difficultés d’accès aux soins dans un territoire
2018
Introduction De nombreuses personnes rencontrent des difficultes pour acceder aux soins adequats, notamment du fait de leur eloignement geographique et par consequent temporel du lieu qui offre ces soins. Qu’il s’agisse de situations d’urgence ou de protocoles therapeutiques plus longs, l’interdependance entre le territoire et les enjeux d’accessibilite interroge sur la pertinence de la delimitation de cet espace : administrative, juridique, geographique, demographique, ou autre. En outre, s’y ajoute la question de la mobilite des patients, particulierement dans le contexte europeen. Les zones frontalieres concentrent les problematiques liees a l’acces aux soins : a seulement quelques kilom…
Que disent les locutions : de, devant, et, en tant que, entre... ?
2011
Comme tous les termes d’une langue, les concepts philosophiques n’ont de sens que par leur relation à l’ensemble de la conceptualité à laquelle ils appartiennent. Mais cela signifie que la relation entre les concepts n’est pas moins essentielle que ces derniers. Et c’est cette relation que disent les éléments du langage que l’on appelle communément des particules de liaison comme de, et, après…, en dehors desquelles la parole serait pure nomination. Seulement, poser l’égale importance de ces ...
La cosmicité de l’existence : entre Patocka et Minkowski
2019
La convergence de deux dimensions des pensées de Patočka et de Minkowski en direction d’une phénoménologie non-égologique de la vie permet d’envisager la possibilité non tant d’une « comparaison » qui conduit bien souvent à juxtaposer des pensées de façon assez stérile, mais de lire Patočka à partir de Minkowski et inversement. S’ils se sont tous deux recommandés d’une phénoménologie dont le sens est assez différent, ils ont tous deux invité à reconnaître, plus, à interroger le caractère mouv...