Search results for "mismatch"

Auditory duration discrimination in children with reading disorder, attention deficit or both

2009

Tiina Huttunen-Scott tutki väitöskirjassaan kuulonvaraisen keston erottelun ongelmien esiintymistä lapsilla, joilla on vaikeuksia joko lukemisessa, tarkkaavaisuudessa tai molemmissa. Kuullun erottelun ongelmat voivat vaikuttaa puheäänteiden hahmottamiseen ja prosessointiin ja johtaa vaikeuksiin lukemaan oppimisessa.Huttunen-Scott havaitsi kuullun keston erottelun olevan merkitsevästi heikentynyt lapsilla, joilla on lukemisvaikeuksia. Erottelu oli heikentynyt jopa laajemmin lapsilla, joilla on lukemisvaikeuksien ohella myös tarkkaavaisuuden ongelmia. Sen sijaan lapsilla, joilla on vain tarkkaavaisuuden ongelmia, erottelu ei ollut heikentynyt, mikä viittaa siihen, että kuulonvaraisen prosesso…

Electrophysiological correlates of memory-based visual change detection in humans

2005

Combined prognostic value of CD274 (PD-L1)/PDCDI (PD-1) expression and immune cell infiltration in colorectal cancer as per mismatch repair status

2019

The CD274 (programmed cell death ligand-1, PD-L1)/PDCD1 (programmed cell death-1, PD-1) pathway is crucial suppressor of the cytotoxic immune response. Antibodies targeting CD274 or PDCD1 have been revealed to be effective in several malignancies. In colorectal cancer, the response to CD274/PDCD1 blockage is associated with microsatellite instability. However, the value of CD274/PDCD1 for predicting response to treatment or survival benefit is still unclear. The aims of the study were (1) to clarify differences in immune microenvironment and expression of checkpoint proteins (CD274/PDCD1) in DNA mismatch repair-proficient, mismatch repair-deficient, and hereditary Lynch syndrome-associated …

Trends of influenza B during the 2010–2016 seasons in 2 regions of north and south Italy: The impact of the vaccine mismatch on influenza immunisatio…

2017

Influenza A and B viruses are responsible for respiratory infections, representing globally seasonal threats to human health. The 2 viral types often co-circulate and influenza B plays an important role in the spread of infection. A 6-year retrospective surveillance study was conducted between 2010 and 2016 in 2 large administrative regions of Italy, located in the north (Liguria) and in the south (Sicily) of the country, to describe the burden and epidemiology of both B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages in different healthcare settings. Influenza B viruses were detected in 5 of 6 seasonal outbreaks, exceeding influenza A during the season 2012–2013. Most of influenza B infections were found…

Infant Event-Related Potentials to Speech are Associated with Prelinguistic Development

2020

Highlights • Speech processing and prelinguistic skills studied in a large longitudinal sample. • Auditory ERPs predicted prelinguistic development in infancy in LCS models. • P1 amplitude at 6 months predicted prelinguistic development between 6 and 12 months. • MMR to a frequency change was associated with prelinguistic skills at 6 months. • Infants’ neural speech processing can help to predict early language development.

The role of musical aptitude and language skills in preattentive duration processing in school-aged children

2009

We examined 10-12-year old elementary school children's ability to preattentively process sound durations in music and speech stimuli. In total, 40 children had either advanced foreign language production skills and higher musical aptitude or less advanced results in both musicality and linguistic tests. Event-related potential (ERP) recordings of the mismatch negativity (MMN) show that the duration changes in musical sounds are more prominently and accurately processed than changes in speech sounds. Moreover, children with advanced pronunciation and musicality skills displayed enhanced MMNs to duration changes in both speech and musical sounds. Thus, our study provides further evidence for…

Cortical processing of musical sounds in children with Cochlear Implants

2012

Abstract Objective We studied the neurocognitive mechanisms of musical instrument sound perception in children with Cochlear Implants (CIs) and in children with normal hearing (NH). Methods ERPs were recorded in a new multi-feature change-detection paradigm. Three magnitudes of change in fundamental frequency, musical instrument, duration, intensity increments and decrements, and presence of a temporal gap were presented amongst repeating 295 Hz piano tones. Independent Component Analysis was utilized to remove artifacts caused by the Cochlear Implants. Results The ERPs were similar in the two groups across all perceptual dimensions except for intensity increment deviants. CI children had s…

Reading skill and neural processing accuracy improvement after a 3-hour intervention in preschoolers with difficulties in reading-related skills

2012

This study aimed at determining whether an intervention game developed for strengthening phonological awareness has a remediating effect on reading skills and central auditory processing in 6-year-old preschool children with difficulties in reading-related skills. After a 3-hour training only, these children made a greater progress in reading-related skills than did their matched controls who did mathematical exercises following comparable training format. Furthermore, the results suggest that this brief intervention might be beneficial in modulating the neural basis of phonetic discrimination as an enhanced speech-elicited mismatch negativity (MMN) was seen in the intervention group, indic…

The Different Immune Profiles of Normal Colonic Mucosa in Cancer-Free Lynch Syndrome Carriers and Lynch Syndrome Colorectal Cancer Patients.

2021

ABSTRACT Background and aims Due to the high load of immunogenic frameshift neoantigens, tumors arising in individuals with Lynch syndrome (LS), the most common inherited colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome, are characterized by a pronounced immune infiltration. However, the immune status of normal colorectal mucosa in LS is not well characterized. We assessed the immune infiltrate in tumor-distant normal colorectal mucosa from LS CRC patients, sporadic microsatellite-unstable (MSI) and microsatellite-stable (MSS) CRC patients, and cancer-free LS carriers. Methods CD3-positive, FOXP3-positive and CD8-positive T cells were quantified in 219, 233 and 201 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) n…

Somatic mutation profiles as molecular classifiers of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer.

2021

Ulcerative colitis increases colorectal cancer risk by mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. We approached this question by determining the genetic and epigenetic profiles of colitis-associated colorectal carcinomas (CA-CRC). The findings were compared to Lynch syndrome (LS), a different form of cancer predisposition that shares the importance of immunological factors in tumorigenesis. CA-CRCs (n=27) were investigated for microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, and somatic mutations of 999 cancer-relevant genes ("Pan-cancer" panel). A subpanel of "Pan-cancer" design (578 genes) was used for LS colorectal tumors (n=28). Mutational loads and signatures stratifie…