Search results for "molekyylibiologia"
showing 10 items of 19 documents
Observe while it happens : catching photoactive proteins in the act with non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations
2020
Organisms use photo-receptors to react to light. The first step is usually the absorption of a photon by a prosthetic group embedded inside the photo-receptor, often a conjugated chromophore. The electronic changes in the chromophore induced by photo-absorption can trigger a cascade of structural or chemical transformations that culminate into a response to light. Understanding how these proteins have evolved to mediate their activation process has remained challenging because the required time and spacial resolutions are notoriously difficult to achieve experimentally. Therefore, mechanistic insights into photoreceptor activation have been predominantly obtained with computer simulations. …
Characterization of viral nanoparticles and virus-like structures by using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS)
2006
Jouni Toivola tarkasteli väitöskirjatutkimuksessaan geneettisesti manipuloituja viruspartikkeleita. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin fluoresenssikorrelaatiospektroskopiaa. Mittauslaite on harvinainen, sillä Pohjoismaissakin niitä on vain kaksi: toinen Jyväskylän yliopiston Nanoscience Centerissä ja toinen Tukholman Karoliinisessa Instituutissa. Laitteella voidaan analysoida tarkasti makromolekyylien kokoa, lukumäärää sekä niiden välisiä vuorovaikutuksia.Mittauslaite toimii siten, että kun fluoresoiva virus ajautuu liuoksessa laserkenttään, siihen kiinnitetty värimolekyyli virittyy korkeammalle energiatasolle ja luovuttaa fotonin. Fotonien luovuttaminen jatkuu niin kauan, kunnes partikkeli liikkuu v…
Epstein-Barr viruksen nukleaarisen antigeenin (EBNA1) kloonaus baculovirusvektoriin
2008
Sodium channels enable fast electrical signaling and regulate phagocytosis in the retinal pigment epithelium
2019
Background Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels have traditionally been considered a trademark of excitable cells. However, recent studies have shown the presence of Nav channels in several non-excitable cells, such as astrocytes and macrophages, demonstrating that the roles of these channels are more diverse than was previously thought. Despite the earlier discoveries, the presence of Nav channel-mediated currents in the cells of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been dismissed as a cell culture artifact. We challenge this notion by investigating the presence and possible role of Nav channels in RPE both ex vivo and in vitro. Results Our work demonstrates that several subtypes of Nav cha…
Identifying yeasts using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
2019
Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:40:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-07-05 Tekes Academy of Finland Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The molecular fingerprints of yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Dekkera bruxellensis, and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (former name Pichia anomala) have been examined using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and helium ion microscopy (HIM). The SERS spectra obtained from cell cultures (lysate and non-treated cells) distinguish between these very closely related fungal species. Highly SERS active silver nano-particles suitable for detecting complex biomolecules were fabricated using a simple synt…
Reactive Self-Assembly and Specific Cellular Delivery of NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO)-Derived Nanogels
2018
This study presents the reactive self-assembly of isocyanate functional and amphiphilic six-arm, star-shaped polyether prepolymers in water into nanogels. Intrinsic molecular amphiphilicity, mainly driven by the isophorone moiety at the distal endings of the star-shaped molecules, allows for the preparation of spherical particles with an adjustable size of 100-200 nm by self-assembly and subsequent covalent cross-linking without the need for organic solvents or surfactants. Covalent attachment of a fluorescence dye and either the cell-penetrating TAT peptide or a random control peptide sequence shows that only TAT-labeled nanogels are internalized by HeLa cells. The nanogels thus specifical…
Engineering of charge, biotin-binding and oligomerization of avidin : new tools for avidin-biotin technology
2002
Avidin is a tetrameric glycoprotein found in chicken egg white. Due to its remarkably high affinity for biotin, avidin has widely been used in biological and biotechnical applications in life sciences. Avidin is also a highly stable protein, maintaining its functional tetrameric structure at high temperatures, extremes of pH, and in the presence of strong denaturants. In the present study we wanted to find out whether different properties of avidin can be modified with protein engineering using rational design. We used the 3D-structure of avidin together with sequence information from various avidin-like proteins to plan these changes. Besides shedding more light on the protein chemical bas…
Manipulating mtDNA in vivo reprograms metabolism via novel response mechanisms.
2019
Mitochondria have been increasingly recognized as a central regulatory nexus for multiple metabolic pathways, in addition to ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Here we show that inducing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) stress in Drosophila using a mitochondrially-targeted Type I restriction endonuclease (mtEcoBI) results in unexpected metabolic reprogramming in adult flies, distinct from effects on OXPHOS. Carbohydrate utilization was repressed, with catabolism shifted towards lipid oxidation, accompanied by elevated serine synthesis. Cleavage and translocation, the two modes of mtEcoBI action, repressed carbohydrate rmetabolism via two different mechanisms. DNA cleavage activ…
Molecular and hormonal responses and adaptation to resistance and protein nutrition in young and older men
2009
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms leading to muscle hypertrophy in humans by studying local muscle molecular and systemic hormonal responses to a single bout of heavy resistance exercise (RE) and to long-term resistance training (RT) with or without protein supplementation in a randomized controlled double-blinded design. In line with earlier studies, heavy RT for 21 weeks led to muscle hypertrophy and an increase in muscle strength in both young and older men. Whey protein ingestion before and after each RE workout increased vastus lateralis (VL) muscle cross-sectional area and seemed to accelerate the increase in VL muscle thickness as well as the increase in …