Search results for "motility"

Five-fold Gastrointestinal Electrical Stimulation With Electromyography-based Activity Analysis: Towards Multilocular Theranostic Intestinal Implants

2019

Background/aims Motility disorders are common and may affect the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract but current treatment is limited. Multilocular sensing of GI electrical activity and variable electrical stimulation (ES) is a promising option. The aim of our study is to investigate the effects of adjustable ES on poststimulatory spike activities in 5 GI segments. Methods Six acute porcine experiments were performed with direct ES by 4 ES parameter sets (30 seconds, 25 mA, 500 microseconds or 1000 microseconds, 30 Hz or 130 Hz) applied through subserosal electrodes in the stomach, duodenum, ileum, jejunum, and colon. Multi-channel electromyography of baseline and post-stimulatory GI electri…

P.19.19 DISTRIBUTION OF ESOPHAGEAL DYSMOTILITIES AMONG PATIENTS WITH NON-CARDIAC CHEST PAIN, DYSPHAGIA OR BOTH

2012

Functional gastrointestinal disorders: Dynamic observation of pediatric cases

2015

Introduction: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are a variable set of clinical cases characterized by recurrent/chronic symptoms not associated with an organic pathology. These disorders are classified using the Rome III criteria. Objective: The study wanted to evaluate the prevalence by gender and age of FGIDs in a pediatric population recruited on the basis of recurrent/chronic abdominal pain, and to follow up patients for six months by administering questionnaires aimed at verifying any changes in symptoms. We also evaluated the possible involvement of factors responsible for these changes. Results: 62 patients between 4 and 17 years of age (27 males and 35 females) were inclu…

Murine genetic deficiency of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS-/-) and interstitial cells of Cajal (W/Wv): Implications for achalasia?

2014

Background and aim Nitric oxide (NO) is an important inhibitory mediator of esophageal function, and its lack leads to typical features of achalasia. In contrast, the role of intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-IM) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function is still controversial. Therefore, we examined the function and morphology of the LES in vivo in NO-deficient (nNOS(-/-) ), ICC-IM-deficient (W/W(v) )-, and wild-type (WT) mice. Methods Esophageal manometry was performed with a micro-sized transducer catheter to quantify LES pressure, swallow evoked LES relaxation, and esophageal body motility. The LES morphology was examined by semiqu…

High-Speed Video Microscopy for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Diagnosis: A Study of Ciliary Motility Variations with Time and Temperature

2021

Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la siguiente URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/7/1301 Este artículo de investigación pertenece al número especial "Progress in Diagnosing and Managing Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia". Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare disease resulting from a defect in ciliary function that generates, among other issues, chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections. European guidelines recommend studying ciliary function (pattern (CBP) and frequency (CBF)), together with characteristic clinical symptoms, as one of the definitive tests. However, there is no “gold standard”. The present study aims to use high-speed video microscopy to describe how CBF…

Nocturnal motility, self-reported arousal, and quality of sleep

1991

Developmental dyslexia and vision

2013

International audience; Developmental dyslexia affects almost 10% of school-aged children and represents a significant public health problem. Its etiology is unknown. The consistent presence of phonological difficulties combined with an inability to manipulate language sounds and the grapheme-phoneme conversion is widely acknowledged. Numerous scientific studies have also documented the presence of eye movement anomalies and deficits of perception of low contrast, low spatial frequency, and high frequency temporal visual information in dyslexics. Anomalies of visual attention with short visual attention spans have also been demonstrated in a large number of cases. Spatial orientation is als…

Effects of dopamine in isolated rat colon strips.

2005

The aim of the present work is to investigate the effects of dopamine on isolated rat colon strips, and whether dopamine receptors are involved in these effects. Experiments on spontaneous motility and under potassium contraction were performed with dopamine and isoprenaline, both in the absence and presence of antagonists (distal colon strips, isotonic recording, Tyrode solution, 31 °C, 1 g of resting tension). At higher concentration (10–4mol/L), dopamine abolished spontaneous motility of the rat colon and this effect was not modified by antagonists. In isolated rat colon strips that were depolarized with potassium, dopamine produced concentration-dependent relaxation, without significant…

Reversible esophageal motor dysfunction in botulism

1985

Two cases of botulism with autonomic and neuromuscular system involvement are presented. In both patients, dryness of the mouth and difficulties in swallowing were predominant symptoms. Esophageal manometry revealed a marked decrease in peristaltic amplitude, which was most pronounced in the upper third of the esophagus. These functional abnormalities returned to normal following recovery from the acute disease.

The identification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-independent effects of oleoylethanolamide on intestinal transit in mice

2009

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous lipid produced in the intestine that mediates satiety by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). OEA inhibits gastric emptying and intestinal motility, but the mechanism of action remains to be determined. We investigated whether OEA inhibits intestinal motility by activation of PPARalpha. PPARalpha immunoreactivity was examined in whole mount preparations of mouse gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The effect of OEA on motility was assessed in wildtype, PPARalpha, cannabinoid CB(1) receptor and CB(2) receptor gene-deficient mice and in a model of accelerated GI transit. In addition, the effect of OEA on motility was as…