Search results for "multinational"
showing 10 items of 133 documents
The Politics of Explanatory Nationalism and the Evolution of the United Nations Agenda on Multinational Enterprises
2020
The contemporary world continues to suffer from a number of social problems that are global in scope but impact the Global South disproportionately. While broad and coordinated policy responses to overcome these problems exist, such policies are not shaped solely by the political will to address the problems. On the contrary, their content largely depends on how societies in general and the social problems in particular are routinely explained and conceptualized. We refer to these as explanatory tendencies or paradigms of explanation. As complex problems always have multiple root causes with long causal chains, explanations of these causes necessarily involve some assumptions about relevant…
Catching-up to foreign technology? Evidence on the “Veblen–Gerschenkron” effect of foreign investments
2006
Abstract The presence of foreign multinational enterprises may benefit local economies. In particular, highly productive foreign-owned firms may promote the technological catch-up of local firms. This channel of spillovers is defined as the “Veblen–Gerschenkron” effect of foreign direct investment and is analyzed in this article. Rather than the overall concentration of foreign-owned plants in a region or sector, it is their productivity advantage that determines the positive effect on domestic firms in geographical and technological proximity. We test this hypothesis using new firm-level data for German and Italian manufacturing firms during the 1990s. These two countries are particularly …
Portraying infective endocarditis
2019
Infective endocarditis is a growing problem with many shifts due to ever-increasing comorbid illnesses, invasive procedures, and increase in the elderly. We performed this multinational study to depict definite infective endocarditis. Adult patients with definite endocarditis hospitalized between January 1, 2015, and October 1, 2018, were included from 41 hospitals in 13 countries. We included microbiological features, types and severity of the disease, complications, but excluded therapeutic parameters. A total of 867 patients were included. A total of 631 (72.8%) patients had native valve endocarditis (NVE), 214 (24.7%) patients had prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), 21 (2.4%) patients …
COVID-19 Lockdown
2022
Purpose: To investigate differences in athletes’ knowledge, beliefs, and training practices during COVID-19 lockdowns with reference to sport classification and sex. This work extends an initial descriptive evaluation focusing on athlete classification. Methods: Athletes (12,526; 66% male; 142 countries) completed an online survey (May–July 2020) assessing knowledge, beliefs, and practices toward training. Sports were classified as team sports (45%), endurance (20%), power/technical (10%), combat (9%), aquatic (6%), recreational (4%), racquet (3%), precision (2%), parasports (1%), and others (1%). Further analysis by sex was performed. Results: During lockdown, athletes practiced body-weigh…
Brand identity documentation: a cross‐national examination of identity standards manuals
2009
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the key features of an identity standards manual and assess the differences in the rules used for applying the brand to both low‐ and high‐context cultures, companies selling consumer goods and those selling services, and multinational and local companies.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on the analysis of 341 identity standards manuals and on the analysis of three key features found in the manuals: contents, normative tone, and development.FindingsThe results divide the contents of the manual into two blocks: core and peripheral; and show that there are differences between the manuals of high‐ and low‐context cultures, comp…
Introduction: The Challenges of Defining and Studying Contemporary Entrepreneurship
2011
Entrepreneurship is a broad and complex concept, and is an important contributor to the economic prospects of companies, sectors, and entire nations. To a casual observer, entrepreneurship is most closely associated with smalland medium-sized enterprises, yet it plays a vital role, either directly or indirectly, in the sustainability of organizations of all sizes and types, private or public, national or multinational. The entrepreneur and the entrepreneurial process are critical to creating new economic activity—boosting innovation, wealth, growth, and employment. It strengthens competition between developed economies and supports social welfare within developing countries. There has been …
Overcoming the liability of foreignness – A new perspective on Chinese MNCs
2021
Abstract We maintain that previous research on multinational corporations' liability of foreignness has underemphasized the importance of the firm's dependence on their parents, subsidiary and local resources. To address this issue, we conducted 43 semi-structured interviews with expatriate and local managers of Chinese high-tech MNCs over two years (2017–2019) and across China, Poland and Hong Kong to understand how they cope with the liability of foreignness in Poland. Using the resource dependence perspective, the linkage, leverage, learning (LLL) paradigm and the institutional view, we identified six dimensions affecting the liability of foreignness: resource commitment, information flo…
Subsidiary-specific advantages for inter-regional expansion: The role of intermediate units
2018
Abstract This paper explores the distinctive deployment of resources and capabilities by subsidiaries in order to develop an intermediate role within the MNC. Based on the regional management perspective, we focus on a specific intermediate role—the springboard subsidiary—that helps overcome the liability of inter-regional foreignness. Our results, which are based on a dataset covering 188 subsidiaries, show that the probability of taking on this role is contingent upon experiential knowledge about the target region, as well as a rich knowledge base derived from a wide range of activities and a broad geographical scope. Our findings also show that possession of slack resources does not nece…
Knowledge sharing and subsidiary R&D mandate development: A matter of dual embeddedness
2014
Sharing knowledge across borders has proven to be especially relevant to multinational corporations (MNCs). Foreign subsidiaries have become active players in these knowledge flows. However, the network effects of interacting with multiple agents on the evolution of the R&D role played by subsidiaries are still undeveloped. The present study focuses on changes in subsidiary capabilities and on the dynamic mechanisms by which their R&D role might evolve, especially, as a consequence of their interaction with a variety of knowledge networks. We examine this issue by conducting four longitudinal case studies of subsidiaries operating in Spain. Using an inductive approach to theory building, we…
When are international managers a cost effective solution? The rationale of transaction cost economics applied to staffing decisions in MNCs
2005
Abstract A common claim in the literature of expatriation is the one referring to the high costs of expatriation. In this paper, on the basis of transaction cost economics (TCE), we show how limited this approach is. In particular, we consider a set of costs that, although ignored in traditional expatriation literature, must be accounted for when a MNC is deciding on whether to recruit expatriates or local managers in its subsidiaries. These costs include selection, training, and performance evaluation costs. We also formulate a series of hypotheses around the situations in which the total costs of recruiting expatriates are lower than those generated by local managers. We then test these h…