Search results for "naming"
showing 10 items of 66 documents
Effects of bilingualism on white matter atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: a diffusion tensor imaging study
2020
Background and purpose Previous investigations show that bilinguals exhibit the first symptoms of dementia 4-5 years later than monolinguals. Therefore, bilingualism has been proposed as a cognitive reserve mechanism. Recent studies have advanced towards an understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying bilingualism's protection against dementia, but none of them deals with white matter (WM) diffusion. Methods In this study, the topic was investigated by measuring WM integrity in a sample of 35 bilinguals and 53 passive bilinguals with mild cognitive impairment. Results No significant differences were found between the groups in cognitive level, education, age or sex. However, bilinguals …
Functional relevant loss of long association fibre tracts integrity in early Alzheimer's disease.
2007
Abstract The aim of our study was to quantify the structural integrity of the long association fibre tracts in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to correlate the findings with the cognitive performance of the patients. We conducted region-of-interest-based analyses of color-coded diffusion-tensor imaging in 12 patients with early AD (age 69.8 ± 8.0 years; MMSE 25.3 ± 1.8) and 16 age- and education-matched healthy controls. Early AD patients showed significantly decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) of the cingulate bundles and the inferior fronto-occipital fascicles bilaterally, whereas FA values of the superior longitudinal fascicles (second division) did not differ significantly between p…
Reading and math abilities of Finnish school beginners born very preterm or with very low birth weight
2017
Reading and math skills of preterm born (birth weight 1500 g or gestational age:532 weeks) children and full term (FT) children were compared during the first weeks of grade 1. The participants were 194 preterm born and 175 FT children born between 2001 and 2006. There were more precocious readers among FT than among preterm students, but even the latter performed close to the national norm. FT and preterm group differences among non-readers were minor with only rapid naming showing a robust difference. Math performance showed a stable difference in favor of FT students and the difference was sustained in the full-scale IQcontrol. Major brain pathology increased the likelihood of poor schol…
Professionals' naming of intellectual disability, past and present practice and rationales
2011
The study illuminates four research questions: What terms for the diagnosis ICD10: F70-79 do Norwegian professionals utilize in their work? Which changes of terminology have professionals experienced? How do professionals explain such changes? Is there a substantive explanation? A semi-structured qualitative interview guide was used on a sample of 41 informants. The main findings are: (1) Different terms are in use; (2) two major changes in naming are observed by the informants: (a) during the 1970s from ‘feeble-minded’ to ‘mental developmental disability’, and (b) after year 2000 from ‘mental developmental disability’ to ‘developmental disability’; (3) professionals are in doubt as to whic…
Predictors of developmental dyslexia in European orthographies with varying complexity
2012
Background: The relationship between phoneme awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN), verbal short-term/working memory (ST/WM) and diagnostic category is investigated in control and dyslexic children, and the extent to which this depends on orthographic complexity. Methods: General cognitive, phonological and literacy skills were tested in 1,138 control and 1,114 dyslexic children speaking six different languages spanning a large range of orthographic complexity (Finnish, Hungarian, German, Dutch, French, English). Results: Phoneme deletion and RAN were strong concurrent predictors of developmental dyslexia, while verbal ST/WM and general verbal abilities played a comparatively minor role…
Does the Relation between Rapid Automatized Naming and Reading Depend on Age or on Reading Level? A Behavioral and ERP Study
2018
Reading predictors evolve through age: phonological awareness is the best predictor of reading abilities at the beginning of reading acquisition while Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) becomes the best reading predictor in more experienced readers (around 9–10 years old). Those developmental changes in the relationship between RAN and reading have so far been explained in term of participants' age. However, it should be noted that in the previous experiments age always co-vary with participants reading level. It is thus not clear whether RAN-reading relationship is developmental in nature or related to the reading system itself. This study investigates whether the behavioral changes in the rel…
Naming speed and Effortful and Automatic Inhibition in Children with Arithmetic Learning Disabilities
2009
Abstract We report a two-year longitudinal study aimed at investigating the rate of access to numerical and non-numerical information in long-term memory and the functioning of automatic and effortful cognitive inhibition processes in children with arithmetical learning disabilities (ALDs). Twelve children with ALDs, of age 9.3 years, and twelve gender–age-matched controls were involved in the study. Rate of access was measured through digit- and letter-naming tasks, automatic cognitive inhibition was measured using a negative priming paradigm, and effortful cognitive inhibition was measured rating intrusion errors in a working memory task. Children with ALDs suffered from a deficit in the …
Naming speed, automatic inhibition and effortful inhibition in a working memory task in children with arithmetic learning difficulties.
2008
We report a study aimed at investigating rate of access to numerical and non-numerical information in long-term memory and functioning of automatic and effortful cognitive inhibition processes in children with Arithmetical Learning Disabilities (ALD). A group of children with ALD, of age 10,3 years, and a group of gender-age-matched controls were involved in the study. Rate of access was measured through digit- and letter- naming tasks, automatic cognitive inhibition was measured using a negative priming paradigm, and effortful cognitive inhibition was measured rating intrusion errors in the well known Daneman and Carpenter’s (1980) working memory task. No evidence for dysfunction of the au…
Predicting word-level reading fluency outcomes in three contrastive groups: Remedial and computer-assisted remedial reading intervention, and mainstr…
2010
Abstract The aim of the longitudinal intervention study was to build a model of predictive values of reading fluency in three contrastive reading groups: remedial and computer-assisted remedial reading intervention, and mainstream instruction, to identify the most effective type of intervention for children with different profiles of compromised pre-reading skills. The participants were 7-year-old Finnish school beginners ( N = 166). Two remedial interventions took place in four weekly sessions of 45 min over a period of 28 weeks in Grade 1. For a child with deficits in the core pre-reading skills (letter knowledge, phonological awareness or rapid automatized naming), the computer-assisted…
Allianz Arena, Orange Vélodrome & Co. Zur Akzeptanz von Fußballfans bei der kommerziellen Neu- bzw. Umbenennung ‚ihres‘ Stadions im deutsch-französis…
2022
Der professionelle Fußball ist zunehmend von einer durchdringenden Kommerzialisierung geprägt. Wesentlicher Bestandteil dieser Entwicklung ist das – speziell aus der Perspektive der Onomastik – bisher wenig untersuchte Phänomen des (Re-)Namings von Fußballstadien. Ziel des Beitrages ist es, ein soziodiskursives Modell zu entwickeln, das Einflussfaktoren aufzeigt, die die Akzeptanz der Fans bei der kommerziellen Neu- bzw. Umbenennung ˈihresˈ Fußballstadions beschreiben. Dabei werden Erklärungsansätze aus unterschiedlichen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen miteinander verknüpft und um die Auswertung von Fanforenbeiträgen und Interviews mit Fans vom FC Bayern München, Hannover 96, Olympique de Marseill…