Search results for "nerve"
showing 10 items of 1683 documents
Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 immunoreactivity in nerve fibres and pinealocytes of guinea-pig pineal gland: interrelationship with tyrosine- hydroxy…
1993
This light-microscopic (LM) immunohistochemical study has evaluated the presence and distribution of the pan-neural and neuroendocrine marker protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 in pinealocytes and nerve fibres of guinea-pig pineal gland. The pattern of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive (ir) nerve fibres has been compared with that of fibres staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or neuropeptide Y (NPY). The vast majority of pinealocytes stained for PGP 9.5, although with variable intensity. PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity was localized in pinealocytic cell bodies and processes. Double-immunofluorescence revealed that PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity was absent from glial cells identified with a monoclonal antibody again…
Humeral nailing revisited.
2008
Unreamed interlocked humeral nailing for stabilisation of acute humeral fractures was introduced a decade ago. Antegrade and retrograde nail insertion are equally popular. The role of nailing as opposed to plating of humeral fractures is the subject of continuous debate. Between 1997 and 2005, 99 acute fractures of the humeral shaft were treated operatively with the unreamed humeral nail (UHN, Synthes) in our Level I Trauma Centre. The mean age of the patients was 63 years. Only eight patients (8.1%) were polytraumatised, nine patients had an open fracture (9.1%), five had a primary radial nerve palsy (5.1%). There were 54 antegrade and 45 retrograde nailings. The procedures were performed …
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase influences the activity of striatal neurons in the rat
2002
The activity of single units in the striatum of urethane-anesthetized rats was recorded before and after the systemic administration of 7-nitro-indazole (7-NI; 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally), a selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Two neuronal types were clearly distinguishable electrophysiologically, on the basis of either discharge frequency pattern or features of the individual spike waveform (spike duration, negative phase/total duration ratio, and negative phase/total amplitude ratio). Only sporadically discharging neurons (basal firing rate, <0.1 spikes/s) were influenced by 7-NI, which caused a statistically significant increase in their firing rate. In contrast, …
Impaired cortico-bulbar tract function in dysarthria due to hemispheric stroke. Functional testing using transcranial magnetic stimulation.
1997
We investigated cortico-lingual and cortico-orofacial tract function utilizing transcranial magnetic stimulation in 18 consecutive patients with dysarthria due to hemispheric stroke. Delayed responses (conduction time > mean + 2.5 SD of that of 43 controls) or absent responses were considered abnormal. In all patients, motor-cortex stimulation of the lesion side demonstrated absent (13 patients) or delayed (five patients) responses to the tongue bilaterally (17 patients) or unilaterally (one patient). In 14 patients the contralateral orofacial responses were either absent (13 patients) or delayed (one patient). According to the electrophysiological findings, all lesions revealed by CT or MR…
Uptake and metabolism of [3H]choline by the rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation
1987
A whole nerve-muscle preparation (about 160 mg) or an end-plate preparation (about 25 mg) of the rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm were incubated with [3H]choline, to investigate choline uptake and choline metabolism. Choline uptake was measured from the disappearance of choline from the incubation medium during the loading period and from the retention of tritium in the tissue after the loading and washout period. Based on the results obtained with both methods the end-plate preparation takes up three times as much choline than the whole nerve-muscle preparation or a small muscle strip that was cut outside the end-plate region and had a similar size as the end-plate preparation. Choline upta…
Indication and technique for the reconstruction of nerve defects in head and neck.
1974
Summary Although the results of peripheral nerve repair have been greatly improved in the last years following the introduction of microsurgery and increased application of free autologous nerve transplants, the use of restorative neuroplasty in maxillofacial surgery has been limited. Prompted by the successful reports on modern neuroplasty, we have introduced the use of autologous nerve transplant to bridge lesions of various cranial nerves. Our experience is based on the treatment of traumatic and tumour-induced defects of the facial nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, accessory and lingual nerve. The anastomosis of nerve was accomplished exclusively under the surgical microscope and microsur…
Diabetic 3rd nerve palsy: evidence for a mesencephalic lesion.
1990
Eleven consecutive adult chronic diabetic patients presented with an isolated 3rd nerve palsy (8 with pupillary sparing) of which 10 had abnormal ipsilateral or bilateral masseter reflexes (MassR). Three patients had an MRI lesion in the ipsilateral oculomotor fasciculus and 3 had subsequent mild brainstem signs. An additional 13 patients with Weber's syndrome had similar ipsilateral or bilateral MassR abnormalities, while 7 patients with 3rd nerve palsies on a known extra-axial basis had none. The findings suggest that an isolated diabetic 3rd nerve palsy, with or without pupillary sparing, is much more likely on the basis of a focal mesencephalic infarct than a peripheral nerve lesion.
Maturational effects on newborn ERPs measured in the mismatch negativity paradigm.
2003
Abstract The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of event-related potentials (ERPs), a measure of passive change detection, is suggested to develop early in comparison to other ERP components, and an MMN-like response has been measured even from preterm infants. The MMN response in adults is negative in polarity at about 150–200 ms. However, the response measured in a typical MMN paradigm can also be markedly different in newborns, even opposite in polarity. This has been suggested to be related to maturational factors. To verify that suggestion, we measured ERPs of 21 newborns during quiet sleep to rarely occurring deviant tones of 1100 Hz (probability 12%) embedded among repeated standard…
Presynaptic nicotine receptors mediating a positive feed-back on transmitter release from the rat phrenic nerve.
1986
The effects of 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) and of nicotine receptor antagonists on [3H]acetylcholine release from the rat phrenic nerve preincubated with [3H]choline were investigated in the absence and presence of cholinesterase inhibitors (presynaptic effects). Additionally, the effects of hexamethonium and tubocurarine on the muscle contraction of the indirectly stimulated diaphragm were examined (postsynaptic effects). DMPP (1-30 microM) increased (76-92%), whereas hexamethonium (0.001-1 mM) and tubocurarine (1-10 microM) decreased (52-60%) the release of [3H]acetylcholine following a train of 100 pulses at 5 Hz. The release caused by a longer train (750 pulses at 5 Hz) was…
Nicotine receptors do not modulate the 3H-noradrenaline release from the isolated rat heart evoked by sympathetic nerve stimulation.
1982
Isolated rat hearts with the right sympathetic nerves attached were perfused at a constant flow rate of 7 ml/min with Tyrode's solution. (-)-3H-Noradrenaline (final concentration 10–13.9 nM) was infused for 10 min to label the noradrenaline stores. After wash-out the sympathetic nerves were stimulated electrically (3 Hz, 180 impulses, 1 ms, 20–30 mA) three times (S1–S3) at intervals of 15 min. 3H-Noradrenaline and its metabolites were determined by liquid scintillation counting according to Graefe et al. (1973). Both, nicotine 50 μM and p-aminophenethyltrimethylammonium (PAPETA) 30 μM, enhanced the 3H-noradrenaline overflow in the absence of nerve stimulation. The effect of PAPETA was bipha…