Search results for "neuropeptide y"
showing 10 items of 47 documents
Lack of effect of oxytocin on the numbers of ?synaptic? ribbons, cyclic guanosine monophosphate and serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity in organ-c…
1993
In addition to the stimulating influence of the sympathetic system on the function of the mammalian pineal gland, neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) are thought to function as modulators. Since AVP has been shown to influence pineal melatonin synthesis, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of the second hypothalamic nonapeptide oxytocin (OT), which likewise has been detected in the pineal gland. We therefore studied "synaptic" ribbon (SR) numbers, N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and the intracellular concentration of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) following in vitro incubation of ra…
Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in peripheral and central nerve fibres of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) with special respect t…
1986
Inforimation on the ambient lighting conditions is conveyed from the retina to the pineal organ by a neuronal pathway involving the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which acts as a circadian pacemaker. In the hamster, circadian rhythms have been shown to be influenced by injection of neuropeptide Y (NPY) into the SCN. Since NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibres are present in the rat and guinea-pig pineal glands it appeared of interest to investigate the hamster pineal as part of the circadian rhythm generating/regulating system. For comparison kidney, small intestine and cerebral cortex were studied. Like in the other rodent species so far investigated only a few of the abundant sympathetic nerve f…
Neuropeptide Y: distribution of immunoreactivity and quantitative analysis in diencephalic structures and cerebral cortex of dwarf hamsters under dif…
1995
The distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) was investigated by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the brain of the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) held under either long or short photoperiods. In the diencephalic and telencephalic structures studied, distinct patterns of NPY-LI were basically consistent in male and female animals of both groups. NPY levels detected by RIA from tissue samples taken at six time points throughout the 24-hour cycle were in the range of 15-60 pmol/mg protein in the diencephalon or below 5 pmol/mg protein in cerebral cortex. In the diencephalon, immunoreactive structures were seen in the preoptic, peri- and paraventri…
In utero Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure confers vulnerability towards cognitive impairments and alcohol drinking in the adolescent offspring: Is th…
2020
Background:Cannabinoid consumption during pregnancy has been increasing on the wave of the broad-based legalisation of cannabis in Western countries, raising concern about the putative detrimental outcomes on foetal neurodevelopment. Indeed, since the endocannabinoid system regulates synaptic plasticity, emotional and cognitive processes from early stages of life interfering with it and other excitability endogenous modulators, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), might contribute to the occurrence of a vulnerable phenotype later in life.Aims:This research investigated whether in utero exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) may induce deficits in emotional/cognitive processes and alcohol vulner…
Demonstration of retinal afferents in the RCS rat, with reference to the retinohypothalamic projection and suprachiasmatic nucleus.
1995
In the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat, characterized by inherited retinal dystrophy, retinal projections to the brain were studied using anterograde neuronal transport of cholera toxin B subunit upon injection into one eye. The respective immunoreactivity was found predominantly contralateral to the injection site in the lateral geniculate nucleus, superior colliculus, nucleus of the optic tract, medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract, and bilateral hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei. Although terminal density was somewhat reduced in dystrophic rats, the projection patterns in these animals appeared similar to those seen in their congenic controls and were comparable to …
Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 immunoreactivity in nerve fibres and pinealocytes of guinea-pig pineal gland: interrelationship with tyrosine- hydroxy…
1993
This light-microscopic (LM) immunohistochemical study has evaluated the presence and distribution of the pan-neural and neuroendocrine marker protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 in pinealocytes and nerve fibres of guinea-pig pineal gland. The pattern of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive (ir) nerve fibres has been compared with that of fibres staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or neuropeptide Y (NPY). The vast majority of pinealocytes stained for PGP 9.5, although with variable intensity. PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity was localized in pinealocytic cell bodies and processes. Double-immunofluorescence revealed that PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity was absent from glial cells identified with a monoclonal antibody again…
Increased neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in striatum in Parkinson's disease.
2003
High levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) are found in basal ganglia where it is co-localised with somatostatin (SOM) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH/d) in a population of striatal GABA containing interneurones. Although alterations occur in the levels of various neuropeptides in basal ganglia in Parkinson’s disease (PD), it is not known whether NPY is affected. Using in situ hybridisation immunohistochemistry, we have examined the distribution of NPY mRNA in the caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens of normal individuals and patients with PD. NPY mRNA was weakly expressed in the caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens in normal individuals with a…
Effects of excitatory amino acids and neuropeptide Y on the discharge activity of suprachiasmatic neurons in rat brain slices
1997
Effects of L-glutamate, AMPA, NMDA and NPY on the discharge activity of neurons located in the ventral subdivision of the suprachiasmatic nucleus were examined in submerged coronal slices of the rat hypothalamus. All substances were bath applied. Application of L-glutamate (14 neurons examined) induced an excitatory response in 8 suprachiasmatic neurons (+248.9 +/- 122.24%, mean +/- S.E.M.; P0.001). A biphasic response, i.e. an initial transient excitation (+54.3 +/- 8.21%; P0.001) succeeded by an inhibition (-66.2 +/- 9.31%; P0.001), was observed in 6 neurons. Application of AMPA (36 neurons examined) resulted in an excitation of 31 neurons (+209.2 +/- 58.58%; P0.0001). Application of NMDA…
The neuroimmune connection in human tonsils.
1991
The present light microscopic immunohistochemical study evaluates the distribution of peptidergic nerve fibers in human tonsil and describes their spatial relationship with specific cells of the immune system. Further, using a panneural marker protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, a qualitative evaluation of the density of specific peptidergic innervation of the human tonsil was performed. Nerve fibers staining for tachykinins, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/peptide histidine isoleucine showed characteristic distribution patterns, but constituted only a minor subfraction of the PGP 9.5-stained fiber population. Both peptide- and PGP 9.5-immun…
The 1258 GA polymorphism in the neuropeptide Y gene is associated with greater alcohol consumption in a Mediterranean population.
2011
Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central nervous system. Several studies have demonstrated that increases of NPY are associated with reduced alcohol intake and anxiety manifestations. The Leu7Pro polymorphism in the NPY has been associated with alcohol consumption, but evidence is scarce. In the Spanish Mediterranean population, this variant is not polymorphic. Thus, our aim is to identify novel functional variants in the NPY and to investigate the impact of these markers and others previously described on alcohol consumption in this population. A total of 911 subjects (321 men and 590 women) from the Spanish Mediterranean population were recruit…