Search results for "neutralization"
showing 10 items of 59 documents
Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety ofCervarix™ andGardasil®human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical cancer vaccines in healthy women aged 18–45 y…
2009
This observer-blind study compared the prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, Cervarix (GlaxoSmithKline) and Gardasil (Merck), by assessing immunogenicity and safety through one month after completion of the three-dose vaccination course. Women (n = 1106) were stratified by age (18-26, 27-35, 36-45 years) and randomized (1:1) to receive Cervarix (Months 0, 1, 6) or Gardasil (Months 0, 2, 6). At Month 7 after first vaccination, all women in the according-to-protocol cohort who were seronegative/DNA negative before vaccination for the HPV type analyzed had seroconverted for HPV-16 and HPV-18 serum neutralizing antibodies, as measured by pseudovirion-based neutralization assay (PBNA…
Piracy versus Netflix : Subscription Video on Demand Dissatisfaction as an Antecedent of Piracy
2018
Drawing from cognitive dissonance and neutralization theories, this study seeks to improve the understanding on consumer decision-making between the current legal and illegal video consumption alternatives. We develop and test a research model featuring Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) satisfaction and various dimensions of SVOD quality as antecedents of video piracy neutralizations and attitudes. Based on results from an online survey among Finnish SVOD users, SVOD satisfaction is primarily determined by content quality, and has a small negative effect on attitude toward piracy through decreased piracy neutralization. However, it appears that current legal services are not seen as true …
Polyclonal antibodies to mannan from yeast also recognize the carbohydrate structure of gp120 of the AIDS virus: an approach to raise neutralizing an…
1990
This study initiates a new method of developing an antigen which might be useful in the prevention of HIV-1 infection. Using a mannan preparation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae neutralizing antiserum was raised in rabbits which prevents HIV-1 infection in vitro up to a titre of 1:128. The corresponding antibody preparation neutralized the in vitro infectivity down to a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml. Analytical studies suggest that the antibodies are directed against the mannose residues of the HIV-1 glycoprotein (gp) 120 and its precursor gp 160.
Protein-prime/modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector-boost vaccination overcomes tolerance in high-antigenemic HBV-transgenic mice
2015
Abstract Background Therapeutic vaccination is a novel treatment approach for chronic hepatitis B, but only had limited success so far. We hypothesized that optimized vaccination schemes have increased immunogenicity, and aimed at increasing therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine efficacy. Methods Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens was used to boost protein-prime vaccinations in wildtype and HBV-transgenic (HBVtg) mice. Results Protein-prime/MVA-boost vaccination was able to overcome HBV-specific tolerance in HBVtg mice with low and medium but not with high antigenemia. HBV-specific antibody titers, CD8+ T-cell frequencies and polyfunctionality inverse…
Intimate male partner violence impairs immune control over herpes simplex virus type 1 in physically and psychologically abused women.
2004
OBJECTIVE: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a worldwide problem and a cause of significant distress and threat to health. Studies have focused mainly on mental health, and few have considered the effect on physiological systems. The aim of this research was to determine whether IPV also compromises the immune system, as evidenced by a decrease in immune regulation over herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), the latent virus that causes cold sores. METHODS: Physically abused (N = 47) and psychologically abused women (N = 27) were compared with nonabused control women (N = 37). Information about sociodemographic characteristics, lifetime history of victimization, and mental heal…
Further Evidence that Papillomavirus Capsids Exist inTwo DistinctConformations
2003
ABSTRACT Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) serve as primary attachment receptors for human papillomaviruses (HPVs). To demonstrate that a biologically functional HPV-receptor interaction is restricted to a specific subset of HSPGs, we first explored the role of HSPG glucosaminoglycan side chain modifications. We demonstrate that HSPG O sulfation is essential for HPV binding and infection, whereas de-N-sulfated heparin interfered with VLP binding but not with HPV pseudoinfection. This points to differences in VLP-HSPG and pseudovirion-HSPG interactions. Interestingly, internalization kinetics of VLPs and pseudovirions, as measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analy…
A neutralizing antibody against human DNA polymerase epsilon inhibits cellular but not SV40 DNA replication.
1999
The contribution of human DNA polymerase epsilon to nuclear DNA replication was studied. Antibody K18 that specifically inhibits DNA polymerase activity of human DNA polymerase epsilon in vitro significantly inhibits DNA synthesis both when microinjected into nuclei of exponentially growing human fibroblasts and in isolated HeLa cell nuclei. The capability of this neutralizing antibody to inhibit DNA synthesis in cells is comparable to that of monoclonal antibody SJK-132-20 against DNA polymerase alpha. Contrary to the antibody against DNA polymerase alpha, antibody K18 against DNA polymerase epsilon did not inhibit SV40 DNA replication in vitro. These results indicate that DNA polymerase e…
Homotypic Protection Against Rotavirus-Induced Diarrhea in Infant Mice Breast-Fed by Dams Immunized with the Recombinant VP8* Subunit of the VP4 Caps…
2000
The outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7 induce neutralizing antibody against rotavirus. We have investigated in a mouse model the protection mediated by immunization with VP8*, the amino-terminal tryptic fragment of VP4. BALB/c female mice immunized with simian rotavirus SA11 VP6 and VP8* proteins expressed in Escherichia coli were mated with seronegative males. Litters were orally challenged with the SA11 strain (P5B[2], G3) or with the murine rotavirus strain EDIM (P10[16], G3) to verify the degree of protection against diarrhea induced in the newborns. Only those pups born to dams immunized with VP8* did not develop diarrhea after having been orally challenged with the SA11 strain. Pups bo…
VP7 and VP4 Sequence Analyses of Rotavirus Strains From Italian Children With Viraemia and Acute Diarrhoea
2010
Background: Rotavirus has a high genetic variability. Point mutations, accumulating at a high rate, and genetic reassortment events have been well-documented. Viremia occurs commonly in children with acute rotavirus diarrhoea. However, information on genetic characterization of strains associated with systemic infection is poor. Objective: We evaluated prospectively children hospitalized for acute rotavirus diarrhoea and genotyped strains obtained from blood and stool samples. Nucleotide sequences within the VP4 ad VP7 genes of strains obtained from blood and stool specimens of the same patient were compared. Methods: Study subjects were 11 children admitted with acute rotavirus diarrhoea, …
Lactate adversely affects the in vitro formation of endothelial cell tubular structures through the action of TGF-beta1.
2006
When lactate accumulation in a tumor microenvironment reaches an average concentration of 10-20 mM, it tends to reflect a high degree of malignancy. However, the hypothesis that tumor-derived lactate has a number of partially adverse biological effects on malignant and tumor-associated host cells requires further evidence. The present study attempted to evaluate the impact of lactate on the process of angiogenesis, in particular on the formation of tubular structures. The endothelial cell (EC) network in desmoplastic breast tumors is primarily located in areas of reactive fibroblastic stroma. We employed a fibroblast-endothelial cell co-culture model as in vitro angiogenesis system normally…