Search results for "neutralization"
showing 10 items of 59 documents
Recovery of immune control over herpes simplex virus type 1 in female victims of intimate partner violence.
2009
Objectives: To assess the course of immune control over Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) through three salivary measures: neutralization of HSV-1, levels of specific antibody against HSV-1 (HSV-1-sIgA) and total immunoglobulin A (total sIgA), and to determine the factors that contribute to its recovery or deterioration. Several studies have demonstrated that intimate partner violence (IPV) affects immune responses in women, but none have investigated the impact longitudinally over time. Methods: Women (n = 60), who participated in our previous cross-sectional study (T-1) and who had been either physically/psychologically (n = 22) or psychologically abused (n = 14) by their partners, were…
The Tick Salivary Protein Sialostatin L Inhibits the Th9-Derived Production of the Asthma-Promoting Cytokine IL-9 and Is Effective in the Prevention …
2012
Abstract Ticks developed a multitude of different immune evasion strategies to obtain a blood meal. Sialostatin L is an immunosuppressive cysteine protease inhibitor present in the saliva of the hard tick Ixodes scapularis. In this study, we demonstrate that sialostatin L strongly inhibits the production of IL-9 by Th9 cells. Because we could show recently that Th9-derived IL-9 is essentially involved in the induction of asthma symptoms, sialostatin L was used for the treatment of experimental asthma. Application of sialostatin L in a model of experimental asthma almost completely abrogated airway hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilia. Our data suggest that sialostatin L can prevent experime…
Immunity to diphtheria in the 3–19 year age group in Italy
1991
In Italy, immunization with diphtheria toxoid has been compulsory for all newborns since 1939. The last two clinical cases of diphtheria were reported in 1987. During the period 1987-1989, immunity against diphtheria was assessed by neutralization test in a random sample of 1740 healthy subjects 3-19 years old, from five geographical areas of Italy. Of the total population, 76.5% showed antibody levels considered to be protective (greater than or equal to 0.1 IU ml-1), 17.2% had a relative degree of protection (0.01-0.09 IU ml-1), and 6.3% lacked immunity (less than 0.01 IU ml-1). The percentage of unprotected subjects increased from 6.1% in the age group of 3-5 years to 11.4% in the age gr…
Consumers’ neutralization strategies to counter normative pressure : The case of illegal downloading
2014
International audience; The process of neutralization of normative pressure by consumers, which allows the performance of deviant practices while maintaining the attachment to the norm, has not been sufficiently studied. Our analysis, in the case of illegal downloading, shows that consumers produce an autonomous discursive set, articulated around three defensive strategies (disempowerment as neutralizing, pragmatic neutralization, ideological neutralization) and accept internal contradiction.
Can individuals’ neutralization techniques be overcome? A field experiment on password policy
2020
Individuals’ lack of adherence to password security policy is a persistent problem for organizations. This problem is especially worrisome because passwords remain the primary authentication mechanism for information systems, and the number of passwords has been increasing. For these reasons, determining methods to improve individuals’ adherence to password-security policies constitutes an important issue for organizations. Extant research has shown that individuals use neutralization techniques, i.e., types of rationalizations, to disregard organizational information-security policies. What has not been determined from extant information security research is whether these neutralizations c…
Immunological analyses of human papillomavirus capsids
2001
Recombinant human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine candidates for controlling anogenital HPV disease. Questions remain, however, concerning the extent of capsid antigenic similarity between closely related virus genotypes. To investigate this issue, we produced VLPs and corresponding polyclonal immune sera from several anogenital HPV types, and examined these reagents in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and in cross-neutralization studies. Despite varying degrees of L1 genetic sequence relatedness, VLPs of each type examined induced high-titer serum polyclonal antibody responses that were entirely genotype-specific. In an in vitro infectivity…
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans interact exclusively with conformationally intact HPV L1 assemblies: basis for a virus-like particle ELISA.
2004
In this article, we demonstrate that interaction of human papillomavirus-like particles (HPV-VLPs) with the putative glucosaminoglycan binding receptor is strictly dependent on conformational integrity. Such conformations are present on VLPs and capsomeres but not on monomers of the major capsid protein, L1, confirming reports that capsomeres can induce virus-neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, we show the suitability of this specific interaction for development of VLP-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), using heparin for indirect coupling of VLPs to microtiter plates, which may add an intrinsic quality control. This avoids presentation of linear, often highly cross-reactiv…
The critical concentration of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) in human serum preventing auto-activation of the first component of complement (C1)
2005
C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) was depleted from normal human serum (NHS) at 4 degrees C by affinity chromatography with a monoclonal anti-C1-INH antibody (mAb 13 E1) coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. The C1-INH-depleted serum (C1-INH-depl-HS) had normal levels of C1, C4, and CH 50 and C1-INH concentration was less than 10% of normal (15 microg/ml in C1-INH-depl-HS compared to 230 microg/ml in NHS). C1-auto-activation in C1-INH-depl-HS was followed by measuring C4-consumption in a haemolytic assay and by detection of activated C1s in a C1s-ELISA. After a lag phase of 10-20 min, C1-auto-activation in C1-INH depl-HS occurred and reached its maximum after 40 min at 37 degrees C. In contr…
Experimental assessment of the mixing quality in a circular cross-sectional t-shaped mixer for the precipitation of sparingly soluble compounds
2021
Precipitation processes have been successfully proved to be a feasible route to extract high-value products from wastes. However, reactive crystallization is characterized by fast kinetics, especially when highly concentrated solutions are used or sparingly soluble compounds precipitate, thus requiring a fast mixing of the reactants. In this context, T-shaped mixers have been extensively investigated both experimentally and numerically as a mean to achieve a rapid reactants homogenization. Many research efforts have been focused on the analysis of rectangular cross-sectional T-shaped mixers, while less attention has been devoted to the study of circular cross-sectional ones. In the present …
Suitability of two rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assays for predicting SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing activity of sera
2020
Purpose: Assessment of commercial SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays for their capacity to provide reliable information on sera neutralizing activity is an emerging need. We evaluated the performance of two commercially-available lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (LFIC) (Wondfo SARS-CoV-2 Antibody test and the INNOVITA 2019-nCoV Ab test) in comparison with a SARS-CoV-2 neutralization pseudotyped assay for COVID-19 diagnosis in hospitalized patients, and investigate whether the intensity of the test band in LFIC associates with neutralizing antibody (NtAb) titers. Patients and Methods: Ninety sera were included from 51 patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)…