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showing 10 items of 178 documents
Laser Beam Lithography For 3-D Surface Patterning
1993
A low power laser processing unit, for microlithographic applications on non-planar surfaces, is described. By combining proper laser beam handling, micropositioning, software control and surface coating techniques, a 5-axis robotic system for laser writing has been set up. Light from a He-Cd laser source is fiber-delivered to a writing head, which moves around a resist coated solid object. After exposure, traditional wet processing can be applied. The unit is capable of patterning metal films deposited on samples up to a size of 50x50x100 mm, with 5 micrometer spatial resolution. An application in 3-D circuit fabrication is presented.
A new approach for actinic defect inspection of EUVL multilayer mask blanks: Standing wave photoemission electron microscopy
2006
Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) at 13.5 nm is the next generation lithography technique capable of printing sub-50 nm structures. With decreasing feature sizes to be printed, the requirements for the lithography mask also become more stringent in terms of defect sizes and densities that are still acceptable and the development of lithography optics has to go along with the development of new mask defect inspection techniques that are fast and offer high resolution (preferable in the range of the minimum feature size) at the same time. We report on the development and experimental results of a new 'at wavelength' full-field imaging technique for defect inspection of multilayer mask bl…
All-Food-Seq (AFS): a quantifiable screen for species in biological samples by deep DNA sequencing.
2013
Background DNA-based methods like PCR efficiently identify and quantify the taxon composition of complex biological materials, but are limited to detecting species targeted by the choice of the primer assay. We show here how untargeted deep sequencing of foodstuff total genomic DNA, followed by bioinformatic analysis of sequence reads, facilitates highly accurate identification of species from all kingdoms of life, at the same time enabling quantitative measurement of the main ingredients and detection of unanticipated food components. Results Sequence data simulation and real-case Illumina sequencing of DNA from reference sausages composed of mammalian (pig, cow, horse, sheep) and avian (c…
Wine Yeast Terroir: Separating the Wheat from the Chaff-for an Open Debate.
2020
Wine terroir is characterized by a specific taste and style influenced by the cultivar of the fermented grapes, geographical factors such as the vineyard, mesoclimate, topoclimate, and microclimate, soil geology and pedology, and the agronomic approach used. These characteristics together define the concept of “terroir”. Thus, regional distinctive flavors in wine have been the subject of many studies aimed at better understanding the link between the wine and the vineyard. Indeed, the identification of key environmental elements involved in the regional variation of grape and wine quality characteristics is a critical feature for improving wine production in terms of consumer preference and…
Bacterioplankton Community Composition Along Environmental Gradients in Lakes From Byers Peninsula (Maritime Antarctica) as Determined by Next-Genera…
2019
This study comprises the first attempt to describe the planktonic bacterial communities of lakes from Byers Peninsula, one of the most significant limnological districts in the Maritime Antarctica, leveraging next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. For the survey, we selected 7 lakes covering the environmental gradient from inland to coastal lakes, some of them sampled both in surface and deep waters. Analysis provided just over 85,000 high quality sequences that were clustered into 864 unique Zero-radius Operational Taxonomic Units (ZOTUs) (i.e., 100% sequence similarity). Yet, several taxonomic uncertainties remained in the analysis likely suggesting the occurrence of local bacteri…
Functional Metabolic Diversity of Bacterioplankton in Maritime Antarctic Lakes
2021
A summer survey was conducted on the bacterioplankton communities of seven lakes from Byers Peninsula (Maritime Antarctica), differing in trophic and morphological characteristics. Predictions of the metabolic capabilities of these communities were performed with FAPROTAX using 16S rRNA sequencing data. The versatility for metabolizing carbon sources was also assessed in three of the lakes using Biolog Ecoplates. Relevant differences among lakes and within lake depths were observed. A total of 23 metabolic activities associated to the main biogeochemical cycles were foreseen, namely, carbon (11), nitrogen (4), sulfur (5), iron (2), and hydrogen (1). The aerobic metabolisms dominated, althou…
Morphological and genome-wide evidence for natural hybridisation within the genus Stipa (Poaceae)
2020
AbstractHybridisation in the wild between closely related species is a common mechanism of speciation in the plant kingdom and, in particular, in the grass family. Here we explore the potential for natural hybridisation in Stipa (one of the largest genera in Poaceae) between genetically distant species at their distribution edges in Mountains of Central Asia using integrative taxonomy. Our research highlights the applicability of classical morphological and genome reduction approaches in studies on wild plant species. The obtained results revealed a new nothospecies, Stipa × lazkovii, which exhibits intermediate characters to S. krylovii and S. bungeana. A high-density DArTseq assay disclos…
Apical root canal transportation of different pathfinding systems and their effects on shaping ability of ProTaper Next
2015
Background: This study aimed to compare glide path preparation of different pathfinding systems and their effects on the apical transportation of ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in mesial root canals of extracted human mandibular molars, using digital subtraction radiography. Materials and Methods: The mesial canals of 40 mandibular first molars (with curvature angles between 25° and 35°) were selected for this study. The specimens were divided randomly into 4 groups with 10 canals each. Glide paths were created in group 1 with #10, #15 and #20 K-type (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) stainless steel manual files; in group 2 with Path-File (Dentsply M…
Multiplex PCR-Based Next-Generation Sequencing Approach Has Detected a Common Large Deletion in STS Gene in a Patient with X-Linked Ichthyosis
2016
Several nuclear genes have been found to be linked to ichthyosis, and Next Generation Sequencing approach on panels of targeted genes has turned out to be particularly useful in analyzing diseases characterized by significant genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. We developed a panel of 26 genes to be screened with the Ion Personal Genome Machine (PGM) for causative mutations relating to ichthyosis. Sequencing runs were obtained from a patient with ichthyosis using the Ion Torrent PGM and then processed with Ion Torrent Suite, Variant Caller, Coverage Analysis and wANNOVER tools. No causative mutations were found using Variant Caller and wANNOVER softwares, whereas the “Coverage Analysis” t…
Automatic production of three-dimensionnel models by 3D digitization
2012
The manual 3D digitization process is expensive since it requires a highly trained technician who decides about the different views needed to acquire the object model. The quality of the final result strongly depends, in addition to the complexity of the object shape, on the selected viewpoints and thus on the human expertise. Nowadays, the most developed digitization strategies in industry are based on a teaching approach in which a human operator manually determines one set of poses for the ranging device. The main drawback of this methodology is the influence of the operator's expertise. Moreover, this technique does not fulfill the high level requirement of industrial applications which…