Search results for "nicotinamide"

Metabolism of the anaerobic formation of succinic acid bySaccharomyces cerevisiae

1978

1. Succinic acid is formed in amounts of 0.2–1.7 g/l by fermenting yeasts of the genusSaccharomyces during the exponential growth phase. No differences were observed between the various species, respiratory deficient mutants and wild type strains. 2. At low glucose concentrations the formation of succinic acid depended on the amount of sugar fermented. However, the nitrogen source was found to be of greater importance than the carbon source. 3. Of all nitrogen sources, glutamate yielded the highest amounts of succinic acid. Glutamate led to an oxidative and aspartate to a reductive formation of succinic acid. 4. A reductive formation of succinic acid by the citric acid cycle enzymes was obs…

Influence of Host-Guest and Host-Host Interactions on the Spin-Crossover 3D Hofmann-type Clathrates {FeII(pina)[MI(CN)2]2·xMeOH (MI = Ag, Au)

2019

[EN] The synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties of two new isostructural porous 3D compounds with the general formula {FeII(pina)[MI(CN)2]2}·xMeOH (x = 0¿5; pina = N-(pyridin-4-yl)isonicotinamide; MI = AgI and x ~ 5 (1·xMeOH); MI = AuI and x ~ 5 (2·xMeOH)) are presented. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses have revealed that the structure of 1·xMeOH (or 2·xMeOH) presents two equivalent doubly interpenetrated 3D frameworks stabilized by both argentophilic (or aurophilic) interactions and interligand C¿O···HC H-bonds. Despite the interpenetration of the networks, these compounds display accessible void volume capable of hosting up to five molecules of methano…

Impact of obesity and aging on crestal alveolar bone height in mice

2018

Obesity and aging are associated with periodontitis, which represents a chronic inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues, i.e. the periodontium. However, if both risk factors also have a negative impact on crestal alveolar bone in a clinically healthy periodontium, has yet to be elucidated and was analyzed in this in-vivo study. Eight C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet during the entire study. Half of these mice were sacrificed at week 19 (group 1: younger lean mice), whereas the other half of the animals were sacrificed at week 25 (group 2: older lean mice). In addition, four mice were fed a high-fat diet until their sacrifice at week 19 (group 3: younger obese mice). Mandible…

Influence of Dimerization of Apocynin on Its Effects in Experimental Colitis

2017

Apocynin has been widely used as an inhibitor of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH-oxidase) system and shows promise as an anti-inflammatory drug. Diapocynin, the dimeric product generated by the oxidation of apocynin in the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO), is supposed to be its active form. In this study, diapocynin has been chemically synthesized and its activity on several inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and its anti-inflammatory effect on ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice analyzed. We found that diapocynin showed higher inhibitory activity than apocynin. The dimer reduced ROS production, TNF-α…

SARS CoV2 infection _The longevity study perspectives

2021

Graphical abstract

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides in the convulsant rat brain

1970

Effects of nicotinamide on central cholinergic transmission and on spatial learning in rats

1996

High-dose nicotinamide (1000 mg/kg) leads to a minor increase of plasma choline but to a major increase of the choline concentrations in the intra- and extracellular spaces of the brain. In the hippocampus, the nicotinamide-induced increase in choline was associated with an increase in the release of acetylcholine under stimulated conditions. In young rats, nicotinamide in doses between 10 and 1000 mg/kg did not influence spatial learning, as tested in the Morris water maze. In old rats, low doses of nicotinamide were ineffective whereas the high dose of 1000 mg/kg even impaired spatial learning. The combined administration of choline and nicotinamide had a synergistic effect on brain choli…

Inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase reduce renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the anesthetized rat in vivo.

2000

The activation of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) subsequent to DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen or nitrogen species has been implicated in several pathophysiological conditions, including ischemia-reperfusion injury and shock. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PARS inhibitors could provide protection against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat in vivo. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 45 min bilateral clamping of the renal pedicles, followed by 6 h reperfusion (control animals). Animals were administered the PARS inhibitors 3-aminobenzamide, 1, 5-dihydroxyisoquinoline, or nicotinamide during the reperfusion period. Ischemia, followed by reperfusion, produc…

Nicotinamide exerts different acute effects on microcirculatory function and tissue oxygenation in rat tumors

1993

Abstract Purpose : Nicotinamide has been reported to preferentially radiosensitize tumor tissue, supposedly through a reduction in tumor hypoxia. This may occur as a result of nicotinamide-induced changes in tumor blood flow and therefore the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of nicotinamide on circulatory parameters in skeletal muscle and tumor tissue (subcutaneously-implanted DS-sarcomas) of the rat. Methods and Materials : Mean arterial blood pressure (measured in the common carotid artery using a pressure transducer) and red blood cell flux (as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry) were continuously monitored for 120 min following a single intraperitoneal application of…

Regulation of free choline in rat brain: dietary and pharmacological manipulations.

1998

The present study analyses, comparatively, the kinetics of free choline in the brain of rats during dietary and pharmacological manipulations. Low-choline diet halved the choline plasma level but did not cause significant changes of CSF choline. High-choline diet, hypoxia and treatment with nicotinamide increased brain choline availability through a central site of action and increased the CSF choline concentration. CSF choline concentrations were more effectively elevated by nicotinamide treatment (20-25 microM) than by acute choline administration (13-15 microM). Increases of CSF choline, due to brain choline mobilization, were consistently associated with a net release of choline from th…