Search results for "nitrogen dioxide"

showing 10 items of 57 documents

Outdoor NO2 and benzene exposure in the INMA (Environment and Childhood) Asturias cohort (Spain)

2011

Air pollution exposure during pregnancy has been linked to a wide range of negative health effects. NO2, a traffic pollution marker, and benzene, an industrial pollution indicator, stand out among the types of air pollution linked to these effects. The aim of this work is to show the methodology used to assign exposure levels for both pollutants and preliminary reports in the INMA (Environment and Childhood) Asturias cohort in Spain. This cohort consists of 494 pregnant women and their children, who have been recruited and followed since 2004. Air pollution levels were measured at 67 points by means of passive samplers. The mean NO2 measured value was 21.2 mu g m(-3) (range 3.5 mu g m(-3) t…

PollutantAtmospheric Sciencegeographygeography.geographical_feature_categoryEnvironmental engineeringAir pollutionAir pollutionBenzenemedicine.disease_causeUrban areaPersonal exposurePregnancyEnvironmental healthCohortmedicineEnvironmental sciencemedia_common.cataloged_instanceRural areaEuropean unionAir quality indexGeneral Environmental ScienceExposure assessmentmedia_commonNitrogen dioxide
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An Ecological Study to Investigate Links Between Atmospheric Pollutants From Farming and SARS-CoV-2 Mortality

2021

AbstractExposure to atmospheric particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide has been linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection and death. We hypothesized that an interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection and exposure to farming-related atmospheric pollutants worsens the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality. Our objective was investigate this hypothesis by performing an ecological study in five Italian Regions (Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna and Sicily) linking all-cause mortality, by province (administrative entities within regions), to atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5and PM10) nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4) mainly produced by agricultural activities. Study outcome was c…

PollutantMultivariate statisticsbusiness.industryMortality rateEcological studyParticulatesPopulation densitychemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryAgricultureEnvironmental healthEnvironmental scienceNitrogen dioxidebusiness
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Urban air pollution and emergency room admissions for respiratory symptoms: a case-crossover study in Palermo, Italy

2011

Abstract Background Air pollution from vehicular traffic has been associated with respiratory diseases. In Palermo, the largest metropolitan area in Sicily, urban air pollution is mainly addressed to traffic-related pollution because of lack of industrial settlements, and the presence of a temperate climate that contribute to the limited use of domestic heating plants. This study aimed to investigate the association between traffic-related air pollution and emergency room admissions for acute respiratory symptoms. Methods From January 2004 through December 2007, air pollutant concentrations and emergency room visits were collected for a case-crossover study conducted in Palermo, Sicily. Ris…

PollutionAdultMaleAdolescentmedia_common.quotation_subjectClimateHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisNitrogen DioxideRespiratory Tract DiseasesAir pollutionmedicine.disease_causeSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicatalcsh:RC963-969chemistry.chemical_compoundYoung AdultRisk FactorsEnvironmental healthMedicineHumansSulfur DioxideNitrogen dioxideRespiratory systemSicilymedia_commonAgedPollutantAged 80 and overAir PollutantsCarbon MonoxideAir pollutant concentrationsbusiness.industrylcsh:Public aspects of medicineResearchUrban HealthPublic Health Environmental and Occupational Healthlcsh:RA1-1270Odds ratioair pollution case-crossover respiratory symptoms emergency roomParticulatesMiddle AgedLogistic ModelschemistryCase-Control Studieslcsh:Industrial medicine. Industrial hygieneFemaleParticulate MatterSeasonsbusinessEmergency Service HospitalEnvironmental Health
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Annoyance Caused by Noise and Air Pollution during Pregnancy: Associated Factors and Correlation with Outdoor NO2 and Benzene Estimations

2015

This study aimed to describe the degree of annoyance among pregnant women in a Spanish cohort and to examine associations with proximity to traffic, NO2 and benzene exposure. We included 2457 participants from the Spanish Childhood and Environment study. Individual exposures to outdoor NO2 and benzene were estimated, temporally adjusted for pregnancy. Interviews about sociodemographic variables, noise and air pollution were carried out. Levels of annoyance were assessed using a scale from 0 (none) to 10 (strong and unbearable)

PollutionAdultMultivariate statisticsnoisenitrogen dioxideHealth Toxicology and Mutagenesismedia_common.quotation_subjectEmbaràsAir pollutionlcsh:MedicineAnnoyanceEnvironmental pollutionmedicine.disease_causeArticleCorrelationInterviews as TopicYoung AdultbenzeneEnvironmental healthAir PollutionSurveys and QuestionnairesmedicinePrevalenceHumansmedia_commonannoyancelcsh:RPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthModels TheoreticalNoiseSpainCohortContaminació -- Aspectes ambientalsEnvironmental scienceFemalepregnancyenvironmental pollutionhuman activitiesInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Improving the prediction of air pollution peak episodes generated by urban transport networks

2016

Abstract This paper illustrates the early results of ongoing research developing novel methods to analyse and simulate the relationship between trasport-related air pollutant concentrations and easily accessible explanatory variables. The final scope is to integrate the new models in traditional traffic management support systems for a sustainable mobility of road vehicles in urban areas. This first stage concerns the relationship between the hourly mean concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and explanatory factors reflecting the NO2 mean level one hour back, along with traffic and weather conditions. Particular attention is given to the prediction of pollution peaks, defined as exceedanc…

PollutionArtificial neural networkDependency (UML)010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesmedia_common.quotation_subjectGeography Planning and DevelopmentAir pollutionF800010501 environmental sciencesManagement Monitoring Policy and LawARIMAX modelmedicine.disease_cause01 natural sciencesF900EconometricsmedicineOperations managementRepresentation (mathematics)Air quality index0105 earth and related environmental sciencesmedia_commonNitrogen dioxideAir pollutant concentrationsArtificial neural networkEnsemble techniquesSpecificationExceedances of pollutant concentration limitsEnvironmental scienceAir quality forecastingEnvironmental Science & Policy
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Solution to Urban Air Pollution – Carbon Free Transport

2016

Abstract The analysis of the results of long-term air quality monitoring in Riga is presented, which shows that in city centre throughout the measurement time (2004-2014) according to the guidelines defined by the European Union directives and Latvian laws the limits of small particles PM10 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are exceeded. From the nature of appearance of pollution and from the research of morphology and composition of fine dust particles it was concluded that in the city centre where the monitoring was performed the main air pollutants are caused by internal combustion engine vehicles. The measures to reduce air pollution performed by two Action Programs (2004-2009; 2011-2015) of t…

Pollutionbusiness.industry020209 energymedia_common.quotation_subjectEnvironmental engineeringAir pollution02 engineering and technologymedicine.disease_causechemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryInternal combustion engineHydrogen economy0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringmedicineEnvironmental sciencemedia_common.cataloged_instanceNitrogen dioxideCity centreEuropean unionbusinessAir quality indexmedia_commonBaltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management
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Residential Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Anthropometric Measures at Birth in a Multicenter Cohort in Spain

2011

Background: A growing body of research suggests that prenatal exposure to air pollution may be harmful to fetal development. We assessed the association between exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and anthropometric measures at birth in four areas within the Spanish Children’s Health and Environment (INMA) mother and child cohort study. Methods: Exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene was estimated for the residence of each woman (n = 2,337) for each trimester and for the entire pregnancy. Outcomes included birth weight, length, and head circumference. The association between residential outdoor air pollution exposure and birth outcomes was assessed with linear regress…

Questionnaires:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Environmental Monitoring [Medical Subject Headings]Fetus -- CreixementPediatricsHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisEspañaair pollution:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]Cohort StudiesbenzenebirthRecién NacidoPregnancyResidence CharacteristicsSurveys and Questionnaires:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Toxic Actions::Environmental Pollutants::Air Pollutants [Medical Subject Headings]:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Maternal Exposure [Medical Subject Headings]Birth WeightBody SizeMedicineProspective StudiesProspective cohort studyTamaño Corporal:Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Processes::Reproduction::Pregnancy [Medical Subject Headings]:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Questionnaires [Medical Subject Headings]Vehicle Emissions:Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain [Medical Subject Headings]Dióxido de NitrógenoPeso al NacerAir PollutantsInhalation ExposureanthropometryAdultoDistribución Espacial de la Población:Chemicals and Drugs::Complex Mixtures::Vehicle Emissions [Medical Subject Headings]Adulto JovenEstudios ProspectivosAire -- Contaminació -- Efectes fisiològics -- EpidemiologiaExposición MaternaHumanos:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Inhalation Exposure [Medical Subject Headings]Maternal ExposureFemeninaInfant Small for Gestational AgeCohort:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Infant::Infant Newborn::Infant Low Birth Weight::Infant Small for Gestational Age [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Nitrogen Compounds::Nitrogen Oxides [Medical Subject Headings]Emisiones de VehículosFemalepregnancyEnvironmental MonitoringCohort studyAdultmedicine.medical_specialty:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Young Adult [Medical Subject Headings]nitrogen dioxideEmbarazoBirth weightMonitoreo del AmbienteExposición por Inhalación:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size [Medical Subject Headings]:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Infant::Infant Newborn [Medical Subject Headings]Young AdultRecién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult [Medical Subject Headings]HumansPregnancybusiness.industryResearchBencenoInfant NewbornPublic Health Environmental and Occupational Healthbirth weightAnthropometrymedicine.disease:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Measurements::Demography::Residence Characteristics [Medical Subject Headings]Confidence interval:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Hydrocarbons Cyclic::Hydrocarbons Aromatic::Benzene [Medical Subject Headings]:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Prospective Studies [Medical Subject Headings]:Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings]Spain:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies [Medical Subject Headings]Contaminantes del AireSmall for gestational ageEstudios de CohortesbusinessDemographyEnvironmental Health Perspectives
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Cardiovascular effects of air pollution

2017

Air pollution is composed of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide and ozone. PM is classified according to size into coarse particles (PM 10), fine particles (PM 2.5) and ultrafine particles. We aim to provide an original review of the scientific evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies examining the cardiovascular effects of outdoor air pollution. Pooled epidemiological studies reported that a 10 μg/m 3 increase in long-term exposure to PM 2.5 was associated with an 11% increase in cardiovascular mortality. Increased cardiovascular mortality was also related to long-term and short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide. Exposure to air pollution…

Time FactorsCardiovascular mortalityOzoneair pollutionAir pollution030204 cardiovascular system & hematology010501 environmental sciencesmedicine.disease_causeCardiovascular SystemRisk Assessment01 natural sciencesArticleToxicology03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineRisk FactorsEnvironmental healthUltrafine particleAnimalsHumansoxidative stressMedicineNitrogen dioxidePlatelet activationBlood CoagulationAir quality index0105 earth and related environmental sciencesparticulate matterPollutantAir Pollutantsbusiness.industryEnvironmental ExposureGeneral MedicineParticulatesPrognosisPlaque Atheroscleroticmyocardial infarctionchemistryCardiovascular DiseasesReactive Oxygen SpeciesCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicinebusinessArchives of Cardiovascular Diseases
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Investigation of phthalocyanine crystals exposed to NO2 ambient gas

2002

Crystals of free base phthalocyanine (H2pc) and its unsubstituted metal derivatives Mpc (where M=Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and pc=C32H16N8 2−=phthalocyanine ligand) were examined after being exposed to NO2 ambient gas. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) supported by X-ray microprobe analysis (EDAX), UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopy as well as X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) were applied to study the crystals chemistry and surface morphology. The NO2 molecules were found to penetrate the crystal unit which led to the breakdown of the phthalocyanine macrocycle. The surface of the doped crystals has been scaled and covered by a layer composed predominantly of phthalimide. Despite vacuum desorption, it has…

X-ray powder diffractometryMicroprobeScanning electron microscopePhthalocyaninesAnalytical chemistryInorganic ChemistryMetalCrystalchemistry.chemical_compoundAdsorptionchemistryvisual_artDesorptionMaterials Chemistryvisual_art.visual_art_mediumPhthalocyanineUV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopyPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryFourier transform infrared spectroscopyScanning electron microscopyX-ray microprobeNitrogen dioxidePolyhedron
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Taurine and the Lung

2003

Taurine (TAU) is the most abundant free amino acid in many tissues and in particular in proinflammatory cells like polymorphonuclear leukocytes and tissues exposed to elevated levels of oxidants1. Furthermore, orally administered TAU has been reported to reduce lung oxidant damage from exposure to ozone, nitrogen dioxide, paraquat, amiodarone and bleomycin in animal models2–5.

chemistry.chemical_compoundTaurineLungmedicine.anatomical_structureOzonechemistryParaquatmedicineNitrogen dioxidePharmacologyBleomycinProinflammatory cytokineEvans Blue
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