Search results for "non-human"
showing 10 items of 183 documents
The influence of lorazepam medication upon the transfer properties of the brain during sleep in man
1993
In order to get better insight into the principles of information processing by the brain during sleep and its alterations under the influence of drugs we applied some tools from linear system theory to sleep EEG data. We investigated late components of auditory and visually evoked potentials (AEPs and VEPs) during different sleep stages and calculated from these the so-called amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC). The main advantage of this analysis is that it enables one to detect functional differences during different sleep stages. This information can hardly be obtained by conventional spectral analysis. The result of our investigation was that the transfer properties of the brain …
Effects of REM sleep awakenings and related wakening paradigms on the ultradian sleep cycle and the symptoms in depression.
2002
In 1975 Vogel and coworkers published their classical study where they compared selective rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation by brief awakenings to a control intervention paradigm in depressed patients. The superior antidepressive impact of the first procedure was attributed to the REM pressure accumulating during the treatment period. The laborious procedure and the considerable effort necessary to evaluate the sleep profiles in real time have prevented similar experiments so far. Based on artificial neural networks we developed a software for the real time detection of REM sleep. In combination with an alarm system the algorithm allowed us to wake up subjects automatically and to …
Automatic SCSB analysis of motor and autonomic nervous functions compared with sleep stages
1996
All-night recordings of respiration, ballistocardiogram, and body movements were obtained using the static charge-sensitive bed (SCSB) and automatically analysed data were compared with sleep stages. The mean sum of eight SCSB variability parameters was lowest in slow wave sleep (SWS), higher during stage 2 (S2), and highest in REM sleep. The sum scores of the parameters with the highest correlations with the EEG data were classified into quiet (QS), intermediate (IS) and active (AS) states. SCSB signals during wakefulness, stage 1 and REM sleep were mostly scored as AS, whereas in S2 and especially in SWS they were scored as QS or IS. The SCSB is an easy and inexpensive tool for conducting…
Sleep-electroencephalography and the secretion of cortisol and growth hormone in normal controls.
1987
Abstract. Sleep-electroencephalography, and the nocturnal secretion of cortisol and GH were investigated simultaneously in a sample of 25 male normal controls (27.1 ± 1.3 years) in order further to examine interaction between sleep structure and concurrent endocrine activity. Slow wave sleep activity was increased during the first part of the night, whereas cortisol concentration was low and GH output reached maximal levels. The second half of the night was characterized by a relative preponderance of REM-sleep, low GH-concentration, and an increase in cortisol. However, no distinct reciprocal interaction between cortisol and GH concentration was noted. In all subjects, a pronounced GH surg…
Unique sleep-stage transitions determined by obstructive sleep apnea severity, age and gender
2019
In obstructive sleep apnea, patients' sleep is fragmented leading to excessive daytime sleepiness and co-morbidities like arterial hypertension. However, traditional metrics are not always directly correlated with daytime sleepiness, and the association between traditional sleep quality metrics like sleep duration and arterial hypertension is still ambiguous. In a development cohort, we analysed hypnograms from mild (n = 213), moderate (n = 235) and severe (n = 277) obstructive sleep apnea patients as well as healthy controls (n = 105) from the European Sleep Apnea Database. We assessed sleep by the analysis of two-step transitions depending on obstructive sleep apnea severity and anthropom…
Obstructive sleep apnoea in adult patients post-tonsillectomy
2021
Background: The impact of removing the upper airway lymphoid tissue and in particular, tonsillectomy, in adults with OSA has not been demonstrated in large populations. Aims: To compare the severity of OSA and the prevalence of cardiovascular, metabolic and respiratory co-morbidities between patients with OSA who had undergone previous tonsillectomy and those who had not. Methods: The 19,711 participants in this study came from the European sleep apnea database (ESADA) which comprises data from unselected adult patients aged 18–80 years with a history of symptoms suggestive of OSA referred to sleep centers throughout Europe. Results: There were no differences between the two groups in terms…
Orexin and sleep quality in anorexia nervosa: Clinical relevance and influence on treatment outcome
2015
Background and aims Orexins/hypocretins are orexigenic peptides implicated in the regulation of feeding behavior and the sleep/wake cycle. Little is known about the functioning of these peptides in anorexia nervosa (AN). The aims of the current study were to evaluate the extent to which orexin-A might be linked to sleep and treatment outcome in AN. Method Fasting plasma orexin-A concentrations were measured in 48 females with AN at the start of a day hospital treatment and in 98 normal-eater/healthy-weight controls. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was administered at the beginning of the treatment as a measure of sleep quality. Other psychopathological variables were evaluated with the S…
Sleep during the third trimester of pregnancy: the role of depression and anxiety
2015
Depression has been associated with sleep disturbances in pregnancy; however, no previous research has controlled the possible confounding effect of anxiety on this association. This study aims to analyze the effect of depression on sleep during the third trimester of pregnancy controlling for anxiety. The sample was composed by 143 depressed (n = 77) and non-depressed (n = 66) pregnant women who completed measures of depression, anxiety, and sleep. Differences between groups in sleep controlling for anxiety were found. Depressed pregnant women present higher number of nocturnal awakenings and spent more hours trying falling asleep during the night and the entire 24 h period. Present findin…
A novel L1CAM mutation in a fetus detected by prenatal diagnosis
2010
X-linked hydrocephalus is due to mutations in the L1 neuronal cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) gene. L1 protein plays a key role in neurite outgrowth, axonal guidance, and pathfinding during the development of the nervous system. We report on a familial case diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonographic examination, with cerebellar hypoplasia, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and the bilateral overlapping of the second and third fingers of the hand. Sequencing of the L1CAM gene showed a novel missense mutation in exon 14: transition of a guanine to cytosine at position 1777 (c.1777G > C), which led to an amino acid change of alanine to proline at position 593 (Ala593Pro) in the sixth immunoglobulin …
Association with physical fitness, serum hormones and sleep during a 15-day military field training.
2010
The present study aimed to investigate the association between physical fitness, sleep duration and hormonal responses during a 15-day military field training (MFT). The purpose of MFT was to practice offensive manoeuvres in a countryside area. Nine army officers volunteered to participate, and their daily working routine mainly consisted of tasks in the headquarters that required on-call-duty at all times. Physical fitness and body composition were measured just before MFT. Serum testosterone (TES) and cortisol (COR) concentrations and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured before MFT, as well as 8 and 15 days after the beginning of MFT. Heart rate (HR) was recorded for approxim…