Search results for "nucleus"
showing 10 items of 1803 documents
Inhibition of clastogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene and of its trans-7,8-dihydrodiol in mice in vivo by fruits, vegetables, and flavonoids.
2003
In the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay, homogenates of spinach, artichoke, peaches, and blue grapes as well as commercial concentrates of these vegetables and fruits reduced induction of micronuclei by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) by 43-50%. Concentrates of strawberries (31% reduction) and of cauliflower (20% reduction) were less potent. Inhibition of genotoxicity by spinach and peaches was not caused by any delay in maturation of micronucleated erythrocytes as shown by experiments with sampling times of 24, 48, and 72 h after dosing of BaP. Pre-treatment of the mice with spinach 48, 24, and 12h before application of BaP resulted in a 44% reduction of micronuclei while peaches generate…
Nucleus incertus contribution to hippocampal theta rhythm generation.
2006
The hippocampal theta rhythm is generated by the pacemaker activity of the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca (MS/DBB) neurons. These nuclei are influenced by brainstem structures that modulate the theta rhythm. The aim of the present work is to determine whether the nucleus incertus (NI), which has important anatomical connections with the MS/DBB, contributes to the hippocampal theta rhythm generation in rats. Hippocampal field activity was recorded in urethane-anaesthetized rats. Electrical stimulation of the NI not only evoked theta rhythm in the hippocampus, but also decreased the amplitude of delta waves. Unit recordings in the NI revealed either a non-rhythm discharge pattern in mos…
Regional distribution of the leucine-rich glioma inactivated (LGI) gene family transcripts in the adult mouse brain
2009
25 p., figuras y bibliografía
Structural connectivity and subcellular changes after antidepressant doses of ketamine and Ro 25-6981 in the rat: an MRI and immuno-labeling study
2021
© The Author(s) 2021.
Differential localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity and NADPH-diaphorase activity in the cat spinal cord.
1994
The distributions of neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity (NOS-IR) and NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity were compared in the cat spinal cord. NOS-IR in neurons around the central canal, in superficial laminae (I and II) of the dorsal horn, in the dorsal commissure, and in fibers in the superficial dorsal horn was observed at all levels of the spinal cord. In these regions, NOS-IR paralleled NADPH-d activity. The sympathetic autonomic nucleus in the rostral lumbar and thoracic segments exhibited prominent NOS-IR and NADPH-d activity, whereas the parasympathetic nucleus in the sacral segments did not exhibit NOS-IR or NADPH-d activity. Within the region of the sympathetic autono…
Molecular adaptations of the blood–brain barrier promote stress resilience vs. depression
2020
Significance Thirty to fifty percent of depressed individuals are unresponsive to commonly prescribed antidepressant treatments, suggesting that biological mechanisms, such as stress-induced inflammation and blood vessel dysfunction, remain untreated. The blood–brain barrier is the ultimate frontier between the brain and harmful toxins or inflammatory signals circulating in the blood. Depression and vulnerability to chronic social stress are associated with loss of this barrier integrity; however, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Identification of adaptations leading to resilience under stressful conditions could help develop novel treatments. Here we combined behavioral, p…
Reward for food odors: An fMRI study of liking and wanting as a function of metabolic state and BMI
2014
Brain reward systems mediate liking and wanting for food reward. Here, we explore the differential involvement of the following structures for these two components: the ventral and dorsal striatopallidal area, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior insula, and anterior cingulate. Twelve healthy female participants were asked to rate pleasantness (liking of food and non-food odors) and the desire to eat (wanting of odor-evoked food) during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The subjective ratings and fMRI were performed in hunger and satiety states. Activations of regions-of-interest were compared as a function of task (liking vs. wanting), odor category (food vs. non-…
Efferent connections of the "olfactostriatum": a specialized vomeronasal structure within the basal ganglia of snakes.
2005
Abstract The olfactostriatum is a portion of the basal ganglia of snakes that receives substantial vomeronasal afferents through projections from the nucleus sphericus. In a preceding article, the olfactostriatum of garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) was characterized on the basis of chemoarchitecture (distribution of serotonin, neuropeptide Y and tyrosine hydroxylase) and pattern of afferent connections [Martinez-Marcos, A., Ubeda-Banon, I., Lanuza, E., Halpern, M., 2005. Chemoarchitecture and afferent connections of the “olfactostriatum”: a specialized vomeronasal structure within the basal ganglia of snakes. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 29, 49–69]. In the present study, its efferent connections …
Hypothalamic Astroglial Connexins are Required for Brain Glucose Sensing-Induced Insulin Secretion
2014
Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on the Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism website; Hypothalamic glucose detection participates in maintaining glycemic balance, food intake, and thermogenesis. Although hypothalamic neurons are the executive cells involved in these responses, there is increasing evidence that astrocytes participate in glucose sensing (GS); however, it is unknown whether astroglial networking is required for glucose sensitivity. Astroglial connexins 30 and 43 (Cx30 and Cx43) form hexameric channels, which are apposed in gap junctions, allowing for the intercellular transfer of small molecules such as glucose throughout the astroglial networks. Here, we…
The discharge of subthalamic neurons is modulated by inhibiting the nitric oxide synthase in the rat.
2005
The effects induced on the discharge of subthalamic spontaneously active neurons by inhibiting the enzyme nitric oxide synthase was studied in two groups of urethane-anesthetized rats. In the first group of animals (n = 10), the activity of subthalamic single units was recorded before and after the systemic administration of 7-nitro-indazole (7-NI, 50 mg/kg i.p.), a selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. In the second group of rats (n = 15), Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), another inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, was iontophoretically administered while performing single unit extracellular recordings. The activity of most tested spontaneously discharging ne…