Search results for "observation"
showing 10 items of 1586 documents
Graphical Models for Dependencies and Associations
1992
The role of graphical representations is described in distinguishing various special forms of independency structure that can arise with multivariate data, especially in observational studies in the social sciences. Conventions for constructing the graphs and strategies for analysing three sets of data are summarized. Finally some directions for desirable future work are outlined.
Investigating cognitive mechanisms of social interaction through musical joint action
2016
Contagion, Empathy and Theory of Mind (ToM) are important social cognitive mechanisms that develop gradually in human ontogeny, enabling humans to interact with other human beings in a complex manner. However, the development of cognitive mechanisms for early social interaction is still underexplored. Therefore, the aim of the current paper is to investigate these mechanisms in a broader range from a theoretical as well as empirical perspective. In particular, we propose a musiccentered approach, which allows us to investigate cognitive mechanisms of social interaction independently of children’s language skills in a musical joint action setting. In our theoretical part, we delineate the so…
Quantitative description of C-60 diffusion on an insulating surface
2010
The diffusion of ${\text{C}}_{60}$ molecules on large, atomically flat terraces of the ${\text{CaF}}_{2}(111)$ surface is studied under ultrahigh vacuum conditions at various substrate temperatures below room temperature. The weak molecule-substrate interaction on this insulating surface makes a direct observation of hopping events difficult. Therefore, to determine a quantitative value of the diffusion barrier, we employ the so-called onset method. This method is based on the analysis of spatial properties of islands created by nucleation of diffusing ${\text{C}}_{60}$ molecules, as measured by noncontact atomic force microscopy. We first determine the critical cluster size to be ${i}^{\en…
Urban monitoring using multi-temporal SAR and multi-spectral data
2006
In some key operational domains, the joint use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and multi-spectral sensors has shown to be a powerful tool for Earth observation. In this paper, we analyze the potentialities of combining interferometric SAR and multi-spectral data for urban area characterization and monitoring. This study is carried out following a standard multi-source processing chain. First, a pre-processing stage is performed taking into account the underlying physics, geometry, and statistical models for the data from each sensor. Second, two different methodologies, one for supervised and another for unsupervised approaches, are followed to obtain features that optimize the urban rela…
Space-borne frequency comb metrology
2016
Precision time references in space are of major importance to satellite-based fundamental science, global satellite navigation, earth observation, and satellite formation flying. Here we report on the operation of a compact, rugged, and automated optical frequency comb setup on a sounding rocket in space under microgravity. The experiment compared two clocks, one based on the optical D2 transition in Rb, and another on hyperfine splitting in Cs. This represents the first frequency comb based optical clock operation in space, which is an important milestone for future satellite-based precision metrology. Based on the approach demonstrated here, future space-based precision metrology can be i…
Considerations Concerning a Methodology for Musical Robotics and Human-Robot Interaction
2009
Robot technology is increasingly employed in artistic (musical) applications and as modeling tool for the investigation of general cognitive abilities and music related behavior in particular. Apart from the specifications of required system behavior and technological aspects of system design/implementation, problems occur concerning the evaluation of the systems. In recent approaches, techniques such as collecting informal reports, perceptual tests, video-based observational studies, or rating scales have been employed. Questions arise, however, as to the reliability and validity of these measures, and the lack of standardization diminishes the comparability of different studies. To attack…
Bivariate analysis of taekwondo actions: The effectiveness of techniques and tactics in an Olympic taekwondo championship.
2020
This paper describes the effectiveness of technical-tactical actions performed during a tournament. A total of 14,145 actions of the 2012 London Olympic Games were analysed. Differences emerged in the use of tactics, techniques, zones, legs and guard to score. Regarding tactics, anticipatory counterattacks were the most effective for scoring one and three points. Circular techniques were the most effective for scoring one point, linear to score three points, and spin techniques to score two and four points. Actions to the chest results in a score of one to two points and actions to the head in a score of three to four points. The rear leg was more effective in scoring one, two and four poin…
Fighting and non-fighting time-motion in taekwondo cadet athletes
2016
[Resumen] La relación entre los tiempos de lucha (L) y no lucha (NL) ha sido utilizada para caracterizar las demandas físicas del taekwondo. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el tiempo de L y NL en función de la categoría de competición en taekwondistas cadetes (12-14 años). Se analizaron las fases del tiempo de movimiento (L y NL) de 47 combates del primer Campeonato del Mundo Cadete en función de la categoría de competición (minimosca, mosca, gallo, pluma, ligero, superligero, semimedio, medio, semipesado y pesado). Se utilizó el test Kruskal-Wallis seguido de las pruebas por pares de U de Mann Whitney para analizar las diferencias entre grupos (p < 0,05). Se encontraron difere…
I am right here with you - Constructing presence in distributed teams
2013
Based on a naturalistic research approach and observational data from real-life distributed teamwork, this paper illustrates how members of virtual teams in today's knowledge-intensive work places can construct and negotiate (social) presence together. Instead of seeing presence as an individual's interpretation and linking it with perceptual illusion of non-mediation or the assumed traits of chosen communication media, this paper sees presence as being socially constructed in interaction. The paper offers critique towards existing models of computer-mediated presence and offers new directions for research.
Distribution of Working Time and Contents of Physiotherapy Activities in a Clinical Setting.
1994
The purpose of the present study was to collect personnel utilization data in the physiotherapy department of a general hospital as a basis for improving the practice of physiotherapy. Over a four-week period in a process of continuous observation 12 physiotherapists recorded their activities under predefined task categories. The percentages of total time used in the observed activities were as follows: direct patient treatment 31%, other work (planning, recording, arranging walking aids and student guidance) 10%, and cooperation (consultation, meetings, arranging patients' affairs, counselling relatives and parents) 9%. The proportion of uncategorized work amounted to half of the total wor…