Search results for "odor"
showing 10 items of 569 documents
Cue exposure in alcohol dependent patients: preliminary evidence for different types of cue reactivity.
2000
Craving is considered to be an important phenomenon in addictive behaviours. However, there is still an unresolved debate on what craving for alcohol means, how it is best measured and which clinical and therapeutical consequences its presence or absence may imply. Cue reactivity paradigms have been developed to elicit craving under standardized experimental conditions. Here we present preliminary results characterizing alcohol-dependent patients with regard to subjective and psychophysiological aspects of exposure to alcohol-associated cues in a cue reactivity paradigm. Thirty-six patients fulfilling at least 5 criteria of alcohol dependence according to DSM-IV criteria were studied after …
Olfactory Event-Related Potentials Reflect Individual Differences in Odor Valence Perception
2006
Investigating the neural substrates of perceived quality in olfaction using different odorants is intrinsically difficult. By utilizing individual differences in perceived quality of the odor of androstenone, we obtained a continuum of individual differences in rated valence of the same stimulus allowing investigations of its manifestation in the olfactory event-related potentials (ERPs). In an initial group consisting of 43 individuals that were screened for their verbal descriptors and sensitivity for the odor of androstenone, 22 normosmic volunteers were chosen forming 2 distinct groups with regard to verbal labels (‘‘body odor'' and ‘‘nonbody odor'') for androstenone while maintaining c…
Effects of panel experience on olfactory memory performance: influence of stimuly familiarity and labeling ability of subjects
1996
This work attempted to define the impact of panel experience on olfactory memory performance by comparing scores in an odor recognition task obtained from a highly trained descriptive panel (17 subjects) and a naive one (33 subjects with no experience in sensory analysis). During the inspection phase, 16 odorants were presented monadically to subjects for familiarity rating and a written description. The recognition session was planned 7 days later with 32 odorants (including the 16 of the target set). Subjects also described the odor of the stimuli. The memory performance of each panel was estimated by the mean value of individual d' (index of detectability). Training of the descriptive pa…
Occupational hygiene in terms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and bioaerosols at two solid waste management plants in Finland
2012
Abstract Factors affecting occupational hygiene were measured at the solid waste transferring plant at Hyvinkaa and at the optic separation plant in Hameenlinna. Measurements consisted of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and bioaerosols including microbes, dust and endotoxins. The most abundant compounds in both of the plants were aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, esters of carboxylic acids, ketones and terpenes. In terms of odour generation, the most important emissions were acetic acid, 2,3-butanedione, ethyl acetate, alpha-pinene and limonene due to their low threshold odour concentrations. At the optic waste separation plant, limonene occurred at the highest concentration of all sin…
Aroma release in the oral cavity after wine intake is influenced by wine matrix composition
2018
The aim of this study has been to investigate if wine matrix composition might influence the interaction between odorants and oral mucosa in the oral cavity during a “wine intake-like” situation. Aroma released after exposing the oral cavity of three individuals to different wines (n = 12) previously spiked with six target aromas was followed by an -in vivo intra-oral SPME approach. Results showed a significant effect of wine matrix composition on the intra-oral aroma release of certain odorants. Among the wine matrix parameters, phenolic compounds showed the largest impact. This effect was dependent on their chemical structure. Some phenolic acids (e.g. hippuric, caffeic) were associated t…
La compravendita di animali appartenenti alle res mancipi in Varrone e in Gaio alla luce della corrispondenza fra Baviera, Pernice e Mommsen
2013
In the light of the unpublished correspondence between Giovanni Baviera, Theodor Mommsen and Alfred Pernice some aspects of the debate about the belonging of some animals to the category of the res mancipi are reconstructed, the basis of interpretation being some passages of Varro’s De re rustica compared with Gaius’ Institutions.
An odor timer in milk? Synchrony in the odor of milk effluvium and neonatal chemosensation in the mouse.
2012
International audience; Mammalian newborns exhibit avid responsiveness to odor compounds emanating from conspecific milk. Milk is however developmentally heterogeneous in composition as a function of both evolved constraints and offspring demand. The present study aimed to verify whether milk odor attractivity for neonates is equally distributed along lactation in Mus musculus (Balb-c strain). Therefore, we exposed pups varying in age to milk samples collected from females in different lactational stages. The pups were assayed at postnatal days 2 (P2), 6 (P6) and 15 (P15) in a series of paired-choice tests opposing either murine milk and a blank (water), or two samples of milk collected in …
Mito e storia nelle isole Eolie
1996
Si mettono a confronto le tradizioni rispettivamente di Antioco di Siracusa e di Diodoro Siculo sulla fondazione di Lipari ad opera dei Rodio Cnidi giunti in Sicilia all'epoca di Pentatlo. Si tratta di due filoni di tradizioni differenti, che tendono a mostrare un profilo differente dell'identità degli abitanti dell'arcipelago eoliano e dei loro rapporti nei confronti delle precedenti popolazioni. Il mito sulla più antica occupazione delle isole da parte degli Ausoni e sulla funzione regale svolta da Eolo e dai suoi figli è di antica matrice ionico-calcidese, e mira a sottolineare la continuità della "civilizzatrice" presenza greca in queste isole e nelle zone della Sicilia che furono gover…
La continuïtat «bioliterària» al País Valencià: de Carles Ros a Carles Salvador (o de Gregori Maians a Vicent Andrés Estellés, passant per Teodor Llo…
2015
Resum: L’article fa evident un fil conductor que va dels novatores preil·lustrats valencians de la fi del s. XVII fins a l’actualitat. També la connexió directa de València amb Londres i París al segle XIX –no sols amb Cadis, Madrid o Barcelona. Els poemes «En los dies del rei Fernando» d’Antoni Maria Peyrolon (1830) i «Lo somni» de Vicent Salvà (1831) són exponents valencians de cultura avançada. Teodor Llorente és també valorat com l’eix que connecta malgré lui l’esforç cultural dignificador valencià anterior a 1859 –amb l’Escola Pia de València com a focus primigeni de l’evolució romàntica– i l’esforç cultural dignificador valencià posterior a 1909. És a dir, entre la celebració dels Joc…
Nuovi dati sulla paleoecologia del sito pleistocenico di San Teodoro (Acquedolci, Messina)
2022
La Grotta di San Teodoro (ST) è uno dei siti preistorici più importanti del Mediterraneo cen-trale. Da pochi anni il sito è oggetto di una ripre-sa delle attività di analisi stratigrafica, geologica, geochimica e paleontologia, alla luce di una colla-borazione tra il Parco Archeologico di Tindari e l’Università degli Studi di Palermo.