Search results for "olfactory receptor"

Extracellular loop 2 of G protein-coupled olfactory receptors is critical for odorant recognition

2021

International audience; G protein-coupled olfactory receptors (ORs) enable us to detect innumerous odorants. They are also ectopically expressed in non-olfactory tissues and emerging as attractive drug targets. ORs can be promiscuous or highly specific, which is part of a larger mechanism for odor discrimination. Here, we demonstrate that the OR extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) plays critical roles in OR promiscuity and specificity. Using site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling, we constructed 3D OR models in which ECL2 forms a lid over the orthosteric pocket. We demonstrate using molecular dynamics simulations that ECL2 controls the shape and the volume of the odorant-binding pocket, m…

Attracted or repelled?--a matter of two neurons, one pheromone binding protein, and a chiral center.

1998

Abstract Two species of scarab beetles, the Osaka beetle (Anomala osakana) and the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica), utilize the opposite enantiomers of japonilure, (Z)-5-(1-decenyl)oxacyclopentan-2-one, as their sex pheromones. Each species produces only one of the enantiomers that functions as its own sex pheromone and as a very strong behavioral antagonist for the other species. Using an integrated approach we tested whether the discrimination of these two opposite signals is due to selective filtering by pheromone binding proteins or whether it originates in the specificity of ligand–receptor interactions. We found that the antennae of each of these two scarab species contain only a …

Nuclear aggregation of olfactory receptor genes governs their monogenic expression.

2012

SummaryGene positioning and regulation of nuclear architecture are thought to influence gene expression. Here, we show that, in mouse olfactory neurons, silent olfactory receptor (OR) genes from different chromosomes converge in a small number of heterochromatic foci. These foci are OR exclusive and form in a cell-type-specific and differentiation-dependent manner. The aggregation of OR genes is developmentally synchronous with the downregulation of lamin b receptor (LBR) and can be reversed by ectopic expression of LBR in mature olfactory neurons. LBR-induced reorganization of nuclear architecture and disruption of OR aggregates perturbs the singularity of OR transcription and disrupts the…

3d ligandbased virtual screening for deorphanisation of a human olfactory receptor

2008

International audience

Pyrethroids alter sodium channel gating in honeybee olfactory receptor neurons

2010

International audience; Social structure in a domestic honeybee colony relies on inter-individual. chemical communication. Chemical communication is mediated. by odors and pheromones detected by olfactory receptor. neurons (ORN) localized in antennae. The Colony Collapse Disorder. (CCD) has been described in many countries around the world. and one of its main symptoms is the desertion of the hive by adult. worker bees, leaving the queen with brood and a small number of. young bees only. Our hypothesis is that such a desertion could be a. consequence of a disruption in the colony cohesion due to a defective. peripheral olfactory system. Recent studies have shown that. several insecticides c…

G-protein-coupled odorant receptors underlie mechanosensitivity in olfactory sensory neurons

2012

G-protein-coupled odorant receptors underlie mechanosensitivity in olfactory sensory neurons. 34. annual meeting - Association for chemoreception sciences (AChemS)

The human OR1G1 olfactory receptor is differentially activated by various sandalwood odorants. A joint approach combining in silico and in vitro expe…

2013

International audience; Sandalwood is a highly valuable component in perfumery. The action mode of sandalwood odorant molecules remains to be addressed. In fact, olfactory receptors involved in their perception have not yet been identified. The interaction of a human olfactory receptor, hOR1G1, with sandalwood odorants has been investigated. By means of cellular biology and functional tests experiments, we provide an additional insight to our atomic model of OR1G1 and our olfactophore approach performed on various odorants. The studied odorants cover a wide range of structures and sandalwood intensities. We experimentally show that beta-santalol is a strong agonist of hOR1G1, contrarily to …

3D-QSAR study of ligands for two human olfactory receptors

2008

International audience; All living organisms, including human beings, are able to detect and discriminate myriads of structurally diverse odorants through their interaction with olfactory receptors (ORs) (1). It is well accepted that the perception of thousands of odors by about 380 ORs results from a combinatorial coding, in which one OR recognizes multiple odorants and different odorants are recognized by different combinations of ORs (2). In a previous study (3), the functional characterization on two human ORs, called OR1G1 (class II) and OR52D1 (class I) have been performed using 95 odorant molecules. We used these previously obtained functional data (3) to perform a molecular modellin…

2019

The olfactory epithelium is continuously exposed to exogenous chemicals, including odorants. During the past decade, the enzymes surrounding the olfactory receptors have been shown to make an important contribution to the process of olfaction. Mammalian xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450, esterases and glutathione transferases (GSTs), have been shown to participate in odorant clearance from the olfactory receptor environment, consequently contributing to the maintenance of sensitivity toward odorants. GSTs have previously been shown to be involved in numerous physiological processes, including detoxification, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and amino acid catabolism. The…

Système olfactif et neurobiologie

2006

Les connaissances neurobiologiques sur l’odorat progressent désormais rapidement depuis la découverte des récepteurs des odorants, remarquables par leur grand nombre et leur diversité. Des réponses sont maintenant apportées aux questions posées par les propriétés originales de la perception olfactive dont beaucoup sont déterminées dès le niveau de l’organe olfactif, et sont fortement déterminées par la génétique. Les connaissances génétiques sur les récepteurs dévoilent une considérable réduction du nombre de gènes olfactifs fonctionnels dans l’espèce humaine et alimentent une réflexion sur l’évolution de l’odorat. Autre avancée riche de promesses : l’application à l’olfaction des méthodes …