Search results for "optical"

showing 10 items of 7671 documents

Rhombi-chain Bose-Hubbard model: Geometric frustration and interactions

2018

We explore the effects of geometric frustration within a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model using a chain of rhombi subject to a magnetic flux. The competition of tunnelling, self-interaction and magnetic flux gives rise to the emergence of a pair-superfluid (pair-Luttinger liquid) phase besides the more conventional Mott-insulator and superfluid (Luttinger liquid) phases. We compute the complete phase diagram of the model by identifying characteristic properties of the pair-Luttinger liquid phase such as pair correlation functions and structure factors and find that the pair-Luttinger liquid phase is very sensitive to changes away from perfect frustration (half-flux). We provide some propo…

media_common.quotation_subject/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2500/2504FOS: Physical sciencesFrustration02 engineering and technologyQuantum entanglementBose–Hubbard model01 natural sciencesSuperfluidityCondensed Matter - Strongly Correlated ElectronsLuttinger liquidPhase (matter)Quantum mechanics0103 physical sciences010306 general physicsPhase diagrammedia_commonPhysicsCondensed Matter::Quantum GasesQuantum PhysicsStrongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3100/3104021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter PhysicsMagnetic fluxElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsQuantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated ElectronsQuantum Physics (quant-ph)Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases0210 nano-technology
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Generation of programmable 3D optical vortex structures through devil’s vortex-lens arrays

2013

Different spatial distributions of optical vortices have been generated and characterized by implementing arrays of devil's vortex lenses in a reconfigurable spatial light modulator. A simple design procedure assigns the preferred position and topological charge value to each vortex in the structure, tuning the desired angular momentum. Distributions with charges and momenta of the opposite sign have been experimentally demonstrated. The angular velocity exhibited by the phase distribution around the focal plane has been visualized, showing an excellent agreement with the simulations. The practical limits of the method, with interest for applications involving particle transfer and manipula…

media_common.quotation_subjectDiffractive lensesDammann gratingslaw.inventionLiquid-crystal displayDiffractive lensOpticsExcellencelawElectrical and Electronic EngineeringAngular-momentumEngineering (miscellaneous)Diffractive opticsmedia_commonOptical vorticesPhysicsbusiness.industryVorticesQuantum information processingAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsVortexLens (optics)Zone platesFISICA APLICADAbusinessOptical vortexApplied Optics
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Automated approach for indirect immunofluorescence images classification based on unsupervised clustering method

2018

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a collection of many complex disorders of unknown aetiology resulting in immune responses to self-antigens and are thought to result from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. ADs collectively are amongst the most prevalent diseases in the U.S., affecting at least 7% of the population. The diagnosis of ADs is very complex, the standard screening methods provides seeking and recognizing of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) by Indirect ImmunoFluorescence (IIF) based on HEp-2 cells. In this paper an automatic system able to identify and classify the Centromere pattern is presented. The method is based on the grouping of centromeres present on the cell…

medical disorderComputer sciencePopulationFeature extraction02 engineering and technologybiomedical optical imagingmedical image processing030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineImage textureblood0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringSegmentationimage texturecellular biophysicsCluster analysiseducationimage segmentationdiseaseeducation.field_of_studyIndirect immunofluorescenceContextual image classificationbusiness.industryfeature extractionPattern recognitionImage segmentationSettore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali Ambientali Biol.e Medicin)020201 artificial intelligence & image processingfluorescenceComputer Vision and Pattern RecognitionArtificial intelligencebusinessSoftwareimage classificationIET Computer Vision
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Influence of Grain Size, Oxygen Stoichiometry, and Synthesis Conditions on the γ-Fe2O3 Vacancies Ordering and Lattice Parameters

2002

The soft chemistry method has been used to synthesize γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles: various synthesis temperature were applied to obtain nanometric powders with crystallite size in the 9–14 nm range. Powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, surface area measurements, and electron microscopy (TEM, SEM). It is clearly shown that these nanometric powders are very well crystallized as indicated by XRD and IR spectra which present substructural bands attributed to vacancies ordering (P4132). Based on these model materials and in the crystallite size range studied here, cell parameter appears to be not linked to crystallite size. It rat…

medicine.diagnostic_testChemistryCrystal chemistryAnalytical chemistryNanoparticleInfrared spectroscopyCondensed Matter PhysicsGrain sizeSoft chemistryElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsInorganic ChemistryCrystallographySpectrophotometryX-ray crystallographyMaterials ChemistryCeramics and CompositesmedicineCrystallitePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryJournal of Solid State Chemistry
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Optical tomography from focus

2007

A model and a method providing a 3D reconstruction of a given translucent object from a series of image acquisitions performed with various focus tunings is proposed. The object is imaged by transmission; refraction, reflection and diffusion effects are neglected. It is modeled as a stack of translucent parallel slices and the acquisition process can be described by a set of linear equations. We propose an efficient inversion technique with O(n) complexity, allowing practical applications with a simple laptop computer in a very reasonable time. Examples of results obtained with a simulated 3D translucent object are presented and discussed.

medicine.diagnostic_testComputer sciencebusiness.industry3D reconstruction02 engineering and technologytranslucent shapeInverse problemoptical tomography01 natural sciencesAtomic and Molecular Physics and Optics010309 opticsshape from focusOptics[INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV][INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV]0103 physical sciences[ INFO.INFO-TI ] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringmedicine020201 artificial intelligence & image processingOptical tomographybusinessLinear equationComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
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Suppression of phase ambiguity in digital holography by using partial coherence or specimen rotation

2008

In this paper we present two approaches for extracting the surface profile as well as obtaining 3D imaging of near field objects by usage of partial coherence and digital holography. In the first approach a light source with given temporal partial coherence is used to illuminate a near field object. The reflected light is interfered with the reference source. By computing the local contrast of the generated fringes one may estimate the 3D topography and the profile of the object. This approach extracts the 3D information from a single image, and its accuracy does not depend on triangulation angle like in fringe projection methods. The second approach is tomography based. There we illuminate…

medicine.diagnostic_testComputer sciencebusiness.industryMaterials Science (miscellaneous)Image processingNear and far fieldIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringStructured-light 3D scannerPhase shifting interferometryOpticsOptical coherence tomographyApproximation errorReflection (physics)medicineSpatial frequencyTomographyBusiness and International ManagementbusinessPartial coherenceDigital holographyCoherence (physics)Applied Optics
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Digital Acquisition and Processing of Video Angiocardiograms

1986

Angiocardiographic diagnosis is still mainly based on the visual assessment of radiographic projection images recorded on photographic film. Considerable amounts of contrast material have to be selectively injected into the circulation in order to make the regions of diagnostic relevance visible in the superposition of the shadows of tissue and bone structures displayed in these transmission images. In addition, selective angiocardiography requires exact positioning of the catheter, a time-consuming procedure which is not without risk. The processing of the angiographie films obtained is difficult to maintain at a constant high quality level, and this introduces an disadvantageous delay bet…

medicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryComputer scienceInterface (computing)media_common.quotation_subjectImage processingTransmission (telecommunications)Optical transfer functionDigital image processingmedicineContrast (vision)Computer visionAngiocardiographyArtificial intelligenceProjection (set theory)businessmedia_common
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The Association Between Quantitative Flow Ratio and Intravascular Imaging-defined Vulnerable Plaque Characteristics in Patients With Stable Angina an…

2021

Background: This study aimed to examine whether quantitative flow ratio (QFR), an angiography-based computation of fractional flow reserve, was associated with intravascular imaging-defined vulnerable plaque features, such as thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) in patients with stable angina, and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome.Methods: Patients undergoing optical coherence tomography (OCT) or intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examinations were identified from two prospective studies and their interrogated vessels were assessed with QFR. Lesions in the OCT cohort were classified into tertiles: QFR-T1 (QFR ≤ 0.85), QFR-T2 (0.85 < QFR ≤ 0.93), and QFR-T3 (QFR > 0.93). L…

medicine.medical_specialtyAcute coronary syndromeLumen (anatomy)Fractional flow reserveCardiovascular Medicine030204 cardiovascular system & hematologymedicine.disease_causequantitative flow ratio (QFR)03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineInternal medicinefractional flow reserve (FFR)Intravascular ultrasoundmedicineDiseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) systemoptical coherence tomography (OCT)030212 general & internal medicineProspective cohort studyOriginal Researchintravascular ultrasound (IVUS)medicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryFibrous capmedicine.diseaseVulnerable plaquemedicine.anatomical_structureRC666-701AngiographyCardiologyplaque vulnerabilityCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicinebusinessFrontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Agreement between 2 swept-source OCT biometers and a Scheimpflug partial coherence interferometer

2020

PURPOSE To evaluate the agreement between different parameters obtained with 2 swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT)-based biometers and 1 Scheimpflug camera with partial coherence interferometry (PCI). SETTING Single center, Oftalvist, Alicante, Spain. DESIGN Prospective case series. METHODS Biometry was performed in 49 eyes using 3 optical biometers: ANTERION SS-OCT, IOLMaster 700 SS-OCT, and Pentacam AXL PCI. Keratometry (K), J0 and J45 vectors, anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), white-to-white (WTW), lens thickness (LT), and axial length (AL) were measured with each device. Bland-Altman analysis was applied. RESULTS This study comprises 49 eyes o…

medicine.medical_specialtyBiometryAnterior ChamberScheimpflug principlelaw.inventionCornea03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineOptical coherence tomographyLens thicknesslawOphthalmologymedicineHumansProspective StudiesMathematicsKeratometermedicine.diagnostic_testLimits of agreementSignificant differenceReproducibility of ResultsSensory SystemsAxial Length EyeOphthalmologyInterferometryInterferometrySpain030221 ophthalmology & optometrySurgeryTomography Optical Coherence030217 neurology & neurosurgeryPartial coherenceJournal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
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Comparison of biometric measurements using partial coherence interferometry and applanation ultrasound

2003

Abstract Purpose To compare and contrast axial length (AL) measurements assessed by ultrasound biometry and optical biometry. Setting Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany. Methods Optical biometry and ultrasound biometry were performed in 360 eyes to measure AL. Results In eyes with a clear-appearing crystalline lens, there was a statistically significant median difference in AL measurements between the 2 methods in eyes with a normal or long length. In eyes with cataract, there was a statistically significant median difference in AL measurements in eyes with a normal or short length. In these cases, optical biometry produced larger readings than ultras…

medicine.medical_specialtyBiometryPseudophakiagenetic structuresBiometricsmedia_common.quotation_subjectmedicine.medical_treatmentEye diseaseIntraocular lensDiagnostic Techniques OphthalmologicalEyeCataractlaw.inventionOptical biometrylawOphthalmologyLens CrystallinemedicineHumansContrast (vision)Ultrasonographymedia_commonbusiness.industryUltrasoundReproducibility of Resultsmedicine.diseaseeye diseasesSensory SystemsLens (optics)OphthalmologyInterferometryPartial coherence interferometryOptometrySurgerysense organsbusinessJournal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
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