Search results for "optimal"

Changing the Corporate Elite? Not so Easy: Female Directorss Appointments Onto Corporate Boards

2013

Scholars have previously investigated country and organizational-level factors associated with the incidence of female directors on boards. These studies, however, cannot explain why, in countries with strong gender equality and pressure for female directorships, firms are still hesitant to promote new women to their boards. To address this issue we – in this study – introduce the cognitive and affective processes related to directors’ identification with the traditional corporate elite as an explanation for the slow organizational response to pressure for gender diversity on boards. We bridge the social identity and critical mass theory to further show how these responses may vary with the…

Scheduling of Real-Time Networks with a Column Generation Approach

2013

We present an algorithm based on column generation for the real-time scheduling problem of allocating periodic tasks to electronic control units in multiple subsystems connected by a global bus. The allocation has to ensure that tasks can be scheduled, and messages between tasks in different subsystems can be transmitted over the global bus and meet their deadlines. Also tasks and messages occurring in a task chain must be scheduled in a way such that the sequence of execution meets their end-to-end deadline. We show that our approach computes the optimal allocation in our model and due to the column generation approach early provides lower bounds on the optimal value.

Optimal Power Flow in three-phase islanded microgrids with inverter interfaced units

2015

In this paper, the solution of the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem for three phase islanded microgrids is studied, the OPF being one of the core functions of the tertiary regulation level for an AC islanded microgrid with a hierarchical control architecture. The study also aims at evaluating the contextual adjustment of the droop parameters used for primary voltage and frequency regulation of inverter interfaced units. The work proposes a mathematical method for the OPF solution also considering the droop parameters as variables. The output of the OPF provides an iso-frequential operating point for all the generation units and a set of droop parameters for primary regulation. In this way, …

Time calibration of the ANTARES neutrino telescope

2011

The ANTARES deep-sea neutrino telescope comprises a three-dimensional array of photomultipliers to detect the Cherenkov light induced by upgoing relativistic charged particles originating from neutrino interactions in the vicinity of the detector. The large scattering length of light in the deep sea facilitates an angular resolution of a few tenths of a degree for neutrino energies exceeding 10 TeV. In order to achieve this optimal performance, the time calibration procedures should ensure a relative time calibration between the photomultipliers at the level of ~1 ns. The methods developed to attain this level of precision are described.

Optimal Design of Grid Integration of a Net Zero Energy Building trough Electrochemical Energy Storage and Fuel Cell Utilization

2018

The integration of electrochemical energy storage, renewable energy production, and fuel cell systems can play a key role in the development of more efficient eco-friendly systems, spanning all sectors of energy management, from stationary to mobile. In particular, residential sector consumed 19% of worldwide energy production in 2015, resulting the third energivorous sector after transport and industry. Distributed energy systems, which efficiently use local resources, can reduce problems in regions with lack of a stable network and more in general help the growth of a sustainable development. In this case, the impact of PV-Lithium Batteries-SOFC integration in a NZEB (Net Zero Energy Buil…

Iterative Optimal Design of Special Moment Resisting Devices for Steel Frames

2021

Abstract The present paper proposes an iterative procedure devoted to reaching the optimal design of an innovative, recently proposed, moment resisting device. This special device, called Limited Resistance Plastic Device (LRPD), can be utilized, as an example, to equip a steel frame when it is required that the frame must be designed to substitute a masonry panel, i.e., it must be characterized by a structural behaviour as close as possible to the one of the replaced masonry wall. This purpose can be reached by designing the relevant frame imposing appropriate constraints on the elastic stiffness and on the limit resistance. The result can be obtained just by ensuring that the elastic stif…

Optimal Taxation of Family Income with non-separable disutility of effort

2008

This paper studies the optimal non linear income taxation for a couple with two earners, each with two possible productivity types. For the case of zero cross-elasticity of labor supply, I find the full solution in terms of type distribution and social welfare weights. Binding diagonal constraints are found to be relevant even with independent types. For the case of non zero cross elasticity, some partial results are obtained. No distortion at the top occurs only in families where both earners are at the top of their distribution. High types in heterogeneous families can be upward distorted, even when only downward incentive constraints bind. The sign of their marginal tax depend on the sig…

Bunching in Optimal Taxation

2010

Geometric Optimal Control of the Generalized Lotka-Volterra Model of the Intestinal Microbiome

2022

We introduce the theoretical framework from geometric optimal control for a control system modeled by the Generalized Lotka-Volterra (GLV) equation, motivated by restoring the gut microbiota infected by Clostridium difficile combining antibiotic treatment and fecal injection. We consider both permanent control and sampled-data control related to the medical protocols.

On the optimal design of base isolation devices

2013

The paper deals with the optimal design of a base isolation system for a given structure subjected to seismic loads. In particular, an appropriate minimum displacement seismic protection device optimal design formulation is proposed for an assigned elastic perfectly plastic steel frame constrained to behave in conditions of elastic shakedown. The chosen base isolation device is constituted by elastomeric isolators. Suitable combinations of fixed and seismic loads are considered. According to the unrestricted shakedown theory, the seismic input is given as any load history appertaining to a suitably defined seismic load admissibility domain. The relevant dynamic structural response is obtain…