Search results for "optimism"
showing 10 items of 115 documents
Psychological experience of patients 3 months after a stay in the intensive care unit: A descriptive and qualitative study.
2015
Abstract Purpose The purpose was to describe psychological experiences of patients 3 months after a stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) using qualitative methods. Methods Twenty patients underwent clinical interview lasting 1 hour and completed the Impact of Event Scale—Revised and Hospital Anxiety and Depression questionnaires. All interviews were recorded and coded using thematic analysis. Results All patients (100%) reported that they could not remember their ICU stay; half reported confused memories (50%) or disorientation (50%). Negatives memories were also reported (20%-45%), namely, pain, distress, sleep difficulties, noise, fear, feeling of abandonment; 20% reported positive memor…
Disentangling the effects of optimism and attributions on feelings of success
2014
Two experiments examined the effects of dispositional optimism and attributions on feelings of success in a performance setting. In Experiment 1, participants successfully solved three cognitive tasks and attributed the success either internally (i.e., to themselves) or externally (i.e., to a teammate). We found no effect of optimism, but a significant effect of the attribution: Internal attribution predicted an increase in feelings of success. In Experiment 2, we replicated the design and adopted an extreme groups approach in order to include the extremes of the optimism dimension. Only optimism affected feelings of success in this sample: Pessimistic participants showed higher increases i…
Mania risk is characterized by an aberrant optimistic update bias for positive life events
2017
Abstract Background Early cognitive models of mania posit that a cognitive triad consisting of unrealistically optimistic beliefs about the self, world and future may predispose vulnerable individuals to develop manic symptoms. Hypomanic personality traits (HYP) pose such a vulnerability factor in the etiopathogenesis of mania. Methods To test the cognitive tenet of overly optimistic views of the future, 24 individuals with high-HYP and 24 age- and sex-matched controls (low-HYP) performed a belief update paradigm, during which they estimated their personal chances to experience future positive and negative life events. Afterwards, they were presented with the statistical likelihood of each …
Optimistit opintiellä : opinnoissaan menestyvien nuorten hyvinvointi lukiosta jatko-opintoihin
2007
Sirpa Vahtera tutki väitöstyössään opinnoissaan menestyvien nuorten ajattelu- ja toimintastrategioita ja psyykkistä hyvinvointia lukiosta jatko-opintoihin. - Lukioissa kannattaa vaalia oppimisen ja yhdessä tekemisen iloa. Optimistinen suhtautuminen tulevaisuuteen ja omien tietojen ja taitojen positiivinen arviointi ovat lukiolaisen psyykkistä hyvinvointia varsinkin Suomessa, jossa jatko-opintoihin siirtyminen on monelle nuorelle pitkä ja raskas prosessi, Vahtera kertoo. Vahtera etsi tutkimuksessaan nuorten psyykkistä hyvinvointia ja opiskelua parhaiten tukevia ajattelu- ja toimintatapoja. Opinnoissaan menestyvät nuoret käyttivät optimistista ajattelu- ja toimintastrategiaa. Optimistinen str…
Estudio sobre las relaciones entre los Cinco Grandes, optimismo, inteligencia emocional y afrontamiento y el ajuste emocional y éxito académico del a…
2021
La existencia de múltiples cambios y demandas asociadas a la adolescencia han determinado su concepción como un período vital en el que la persona es altamente vulnerable al padecimiento de estrés y al desarrollo de conductas de riesgo o trastornos mentales (Steinberg y Morris, 2001; Sturman y Moghaddam, 2011). Asimismo, existe una importante asociación entre la salud mental del adolescente y su rendimiento académico (Brännlund, Strandh y Nilsson, 2017). Actualmente, las cifras alertan tanto de un incremento significativo en la prevalencia de desórdenes mentales entre adolescentes como de un descenso en su rendimiento académico (OMS, 2020; Torres Menárguez y Silió, 2019). En este contexto, …
Elaboracion y validación de un programa de intervención para mejorar la resiliencia en adolescentes dominicanos en situación de riesgo
2015
RESUMEN La elaboración y validación de un programa de intervención para mejorar la resiliencia en adolescentes dominicanos en situación de riesgo, se ha realizado mediante un diseño descriptivo (grupo1) y cuasi experimental (grupo 2, tratamiento y control). El grupo 1 compuesto por una muestra de 400 adolescentes dominicanos, con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 16 años, escolarizados en centros educativos públicos y privados. El grupo 2, estuvo integrado por 75 adolescentes, de los cuales 20 (tratamiento) participaron en la intervención del programa READOM y a 55 (control) se les aplica un pre y postest. En el estudio, son validadas las Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson, utilizando co…
Measuring dispositional optimism in patients with chronic heart failure and their healthcare providers: The validity of the Life Orientation Test-Rev…
2017
Patrizia Steca,1 Dario Monzani,1 Antonia Pierobon,2 Giulia Avvenuti,2 Andrea Greco,1 Anna Giardini2 1Department of Psychology, University of Milano – Bicocca, Milan, 2Psychology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, IRCCS Montescano, Montescano, Italy Abstract: The Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) measures dispositional optimism (DO) – an individual difference promoting physical and psychological well-being in healthy adults (HAs) as well as in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and healthcare providers (HPs). Controversy has arisen regarding the dimensionality of the LOT-R. Whereas DO was originally defined as a one-dimensional construct, empiri…
Optimism mediates the relationships between meaning in life and subjective and psychological well-being among late adolescents
2018
BackgroundThe concepts of meaning in life and well-being appear to have structural and functional connections, which become even more noticeable when examining their role in individuals’ daily functioning. One of the prospective variables which can play a mediational role between meaning in life and subjective and psychological well-being may be optimism, which also holds an important motivational value for young people. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive value of meaning in life and optimism, and indirect effects between meaning in life and subjective and psychological well-being among Polish late adoles-cents within the self-concordant model.Participants and procedureA to…
Relationships Between Cross-Cultural Adaption, Perceived Stress and Psychological Health Among International Undergraduate Students From a Medical Un…
2021
International university students may be at greater risk for developing psychological problems due to the unique stressors in them, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of present study is to propose and test a moderated mediation model that would illuminate the underlying relationships of cross-cultural adaption, perceived stress and psychological health as well as the moderating effect of optimism and resilience among international medical undergraduates in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted via a web-based survey in November 2020. Electronic informed consents were obtained from all participants. A total of 453 students including 233 males and 22…
Unrealistic Optimism in the Time of Coronavirus Pandemic: May It Help to Kill, If So—Whom: Disease or the Person?
2020
Objective: The results of numerous empirical studies have showed the occurrence of so-called unrealistic optimism. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether in the situation of an imminent coronavirus pandemic, people would still perceive themselves as being less exposed to the disease than others. Methods: Survey studies were conducted to examine the level of unrealistic optimism. Participants (n = 171, 67.3% of women) in a subjective way judged the risk of their coronavirus infection and the likelihood that this would happen to an average student of the same sex from their class. The survey was conducted in three waves: prior to the announcement of the first case of coronavirus (2&ndash