Search results for "organic pollutant"

Hemostatic, inflammatory, and oxidative markers in pesticide user farmers

2016

Research Article; International audience; The aim of this work was to investigate inflammatory, oxidative, and thrombotic parameters as biomarkers in farmers exposed to pesticides. Fifty farmers using chemical pesticides and 60 unexposed control men participated in this study. The Mediterranean diet compliance, the duration of pesticide use, and personal protection for pesticides handling were recorded using self-administered questionnaires. Serum biochemical parameters, oxidant/antioxidant, inflammatory, and thrombosis markers were determined. Our findings showed oxidative stress reflected by an increase in malondialdehyde, carbonyl proteins and superoxide anion levels and a decrease in vi…

Survey on the presence of non-dioxine-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs) in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) stranded in south Mediterranean coasts (Sicily, So…

2017

A total of 71 loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) stranded along the coasts of Sicily (Southern Italy) were examined for non–dioxine like polychlorinated biphenyl (NDL-PCB) levels in muscle and adipose tissue by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method. The results revealed 6 high-indicator congener (∑6PCBIND) levels in 45% of the loggerhead turtles examined, with mean values of 980.39 ± 2508.39 ng/g wet weight in adipose tissue and 102.53 ± 238.58 ng/g wet weight in muscle tissue. The hexachloro and heptachloro PCB congeners were the most abundant in both the sample types. The highest NDL-PCB levels were reached in an adipose tissue sample of a logg…

Prenatal exposure to PCB-153, p,p'-DDE and birth outcomes in 9000 mother-child pairs: exposure-response relationship and effect modifiers.

2014

Low-level exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl-153 (PCB-153) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p-p′-DDE) can impair fetal growth; however, the exposure–response relationship and effect modifiers of such association are not well established. This study is an extension of an earlier European meta-analysis. Our aim was to explore exposure–response relationship between PCB-153 and p-p′-DDE and birth outcomes; to evaluate whether any no exposure–effect level and susceptible subgroups exist; and to assess the role of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG). We used a pooled dataset of 9377 mother–child pairs enrolled in 14 study populations from 11 European birth cohorts. General additive mode…

A QUANTITY-QUALITY MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL: MODEL CALIBRATION AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

2015

Landfill leachate represents nowadays one of the most important issue related to the waste management cycle. Knowledge about leachate distribution and transport as well as fate of pollutants is fundamental for understanding the behavior of the landfill reactor. In the present study, a simple 1-D mathematical model was developed for the simulation of the vertical leachate fluxes throughout a landfill for MSW as well as the fate of inorganic pollutants within the landfill leachate pathway. The model was based on mass balance equations, which allowed to evaluate the moisture accumulation inside the landfill body as well as contaminant transport processes. The model enables to calculate the moi…

Photocatalytic membrane reactors for water treatment

2015

Abstract Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process largely studied in the field of environment recovery by the total degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants and for synthesis. In this chapter, the basic principles of photocatalysis are discussed with the advantages related to its coupling with a membrane separation in photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs). The types of membranes most widely used and their criteria of selection are briefly discussed. PMRs’ classification based on their configuration and on the type of membrane operation is also discussed, evidencing as their appropriate choice is a key step in view of large-scale implementation. Finally, some ca…

STUDIO DELLA BIODISTRIBUZIONE DI SOSTANZE BIOLOGICAMENTE ATTIVE IN ORGANISMI ACQUATICI

2022

Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters

2015

This review describes medium and high molecular weight organic material found in wastewaters from pulp and paper industry. The aim is to review the versatile pollutants and the analysis methods for their determination. Among other pollutants, biocides, extractives, and lignin-derived compounds are major contributors to harmful effects, such as toxicity, of industrial wastewaters. Toxicity of wastewaters from pulp and paper mills is briefly evaluated including the methods for toxicity analyses. Traditionally, wastewater purification includes mechanical treatment followed by chemical and/or biological treatment processes. A variety of methods are available for the purification of industrial w…

Dissolution of resin acids, retene and wood sterols from contaminated lake sediments.

2005

The dissolution potency of hydrophobic resin acids (RAs), retene and wood sterols from sediments was studied. These wood extractives and their metabolites are sorbed from pulp and paper mill effluents to downstream sediments. With harmful components like these, sediments can pose a hazard to the aquatic environment. Therefore, sediment elutriates with water were produced under variable conditions (agitation rate and efficiency, time), and concentrations of the dissoluted compounds were analyzed. Both naturally contaminated field sediments and artificially spiked sediments were studied. By vigorous agitation RAs can be released fast from the sediment matrix and equilibrium reached within 3 d…

Controlled uptake of PFOA in adult specimens of Paracentrotus lividus and evaluation of gene expression in their gonads and embryos

2023

AbstractPerfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been largely used in the manufacturing industry but a few years ago it turned out to be a dangerous pollutant which is now of concern for terrestrial and aquatic environments. Here, we investigated the bioaccumulation of PFOA in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus after exposure to different concentrations of the pollutant for 28 days. We observed rapid uptake of PFOA in the coelomic fluid collected weekly during the exposure period and high bioaccumulation in gonads at the end of the experiment. Interestingly, animals were also able to fast depurate when relocated to a clean environment. In addition, to assess the effect of PFOA on sea urchins’ ph…

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soils of the Moscow region: Concentrations and small-scale distribution along an urban–rural transect

2006

In soils of the Moscow region, we examined PCB concentrations in bulk samples and aggregate fractions. Topsoils under grassland and forest at five locations along a southeast-bound transect from Moscow and at a northeastern background location (grassland only) were analysed. We collected aggregates1 cm and fractionated them into interior and exterior portions and also analysed the remaining soil without the aggregates1 cm. The concentrations of the sum of 17 PCBs (sigma17PCBs) in 35 bulk soil samples ranged from 3.1 to 42 microg kg(-1). This was 48-61% of the sigma33PCBs determined in 23 selected samples. The congeners 138(+158), 101 and 52 were most abundant. All PCB concentrations and the…