Search results for "passive sampling"
showing 10 items of 12 documents
Environmental applications (air)
2020
Abstract The use of solid sorbent-based devices for the monitoring of contaminants in the air is a widespread trend due to its versatility, physicochemical stability, and high enrichment factor. Active and passive sampling strategies have been developed for air monitoring using different materials, such as carbon-based organic polymers and inorganic sorbents. It has been updated in the literature regarding the most recent applications of the use of solid sorbent-based samplers for the monitoring of air in different sites such as rural, urban, industrialized, and indoor areas, including workplace environments for the evaluation of occupational exposure risks.
Volcanic plume monitoring at Mount Etna by diffusive (passive) sampling
2004
[1] This paper reports the use of diffusive tubes in determining HF, HCl, and SO2 in the volcanic plume of Mount Etna in an attempt to highlight the potential of this method in studying volcanoes. In a first application a network of 18 diffusive tubes was installed on Etna's flanks, aimed at evaluating the atmospheric dispersion of the volcanic plume on a local scale. Results showed a monotonic decrease in volatile air concentrations with distance from the craters (HF from 0.15 to <0.003 μmol m−3, HCl from 2 to <0.01 μmol m−3, and SO2 from 11 to 0.04 μmol m−3), revealing the prevalently volcanic contribution. Matching of SO2/HCl and HCl/HF volatile ratios with contemporaneous measurements a…
Use of semipermeable membrane devices for assessment of air quality in Tangier (Morocco)
2009
Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) have been used for the evaluation of the contamination of air in both the urban and the industrial area in Tangier (Morocco). Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene a...
Preliminary Results on the Use of Leather Chrome Shavings for Air Passive Sampling
2012
A new passive sampler based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) layflat tube filled with chrome shavings from tannery waste residues was evaluated to determine volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor and outdoor areas. VOCs were directly determined by head space-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) without any pretreatment of the sampler and avoiding the use of solvents. Limit of detection values ranging from 20 to 75 ng sampler−1and good repeatability values were obtained for VOCs under study with relative standard deviation values from 2.8 to 9.6% except for carbon disulfide for which it was 22.5%. The effect of the amount of chrome shavings per sampler was studied and resul…
A preliminary study on the ecotoxic potency of wastewater treatment plant sludge combining passive sampling and bioassays.
2021
Highlights • The passive samplers collected bioavail able and bioaccessible chemicals from the WWTP sludge samples. • The sampler extracts were acutely and chronically toxic to water flea. • The sampler extracts were cytotoxic and genotoxic. • The sludge treatment such as composting and digesting diminished the toxicity. • Effect-based methods should be part of the risk assessment of sludge recycling. Sewage sludge is an inevitable byproduct produced in wastewater treatment. Reusing nutrient-rich sludge will diminish the amount of waste ending in soil dumping areas and will promote circular economy. However, during sewage treatment process, several potentially harmful organic chemicals are …
Passive sampling of PAHs in indoor air in Nepal
1999
PAHs were sampled in ten homes in the Makwanpur region, Nepal. SPMDs and moss bags (Sphagnum girgensohnii) were used as passive samplers. Soot particles on the SPMD surfaces were also analyzed for PAHs. The overall PAH concentrations in SPMDs were significantly higher than those in moss bags. Total PAH mean concentrations of ten houses were 535μg/g lipid for SPMDs and 7.2 μg/g moss (dw) for moss bags. Ratios of phenanthrene/anthracene in indoor SPMDs and particulate matter varied from 2.9 to 3.5 and ratios of fluoranthene/pyrene varied from 1.1 to 1.4. The values for moss bags were respectively 1.7–3.6 and 0.8–2.4. These ratios indicate that the PAHs are from combustion origin. The PAH conc…
Predicting the bioaccumulation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in benthic animals in sediments
2016
There were two main objectives in this study. The first was to compare the accuracy of different prediction methods for the chemical concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the organism, based on the measured chemical concentrations existing in sediment dry matter or pore water. The predicted tissue concentrations were compared to the measured ones after 28-day laboratory test using oligochaeta worms (Lumbriculus variegatus). The second objective was to compare the bioaccumulation of PAHs and PCBs in the laboratory test with the in situ bioaccumulation of these compounds. Using the traditional organic carbon-water partitioning model, tissue…
Passive Sampling of Atmospheric Organic Contaminants
2012
The state of the art of passive sampling monitoring studies of atmospheric contaminants is reviewed in this chapter. The following passive samplers were considered: badge-type diffusive samplers; diffusive tubes; semi-permeable membrane devices; Radiello samplers; solid-phase microextraction fibers; polyurethane foam disks; XAD-2 passive air samplers; stir-bar samplers; polymer-coated glass surfaces; versatile, easy and rapid atmospheric monitor; and vegetation. A summary of the passive samplers used, sampling times, sampling rates, and analyte concentrations found is provided for different organic compounds, such as: carbonyl compounds, volatile compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,…
Green determination of the presence of volatile organic compounds in vehicle repair shops through passive sampling.
2012
A simple, fast and green direct analytical methodology has been developed to evaluate the concentration level of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor areas of vehicle repair shops using membrane devices as passive samplers. VOCs retained in the samplers were directly determined without any sample pre-treatment and avoiding the use of solvents by head space (HS) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in only 20 min. Benzene, toluene, tetrachloroethene, m,p-xylene and o-xylene were found at concentration levels from 0.1 to 11.2 mg m(-3).
The impact of urban contamination on antibioresistance in microbial communities from periphyton and sediments
2020
International audience; Since the early 20's antibiotics have been massively produced and consumed for the benefit of bothhuman and animal health. Nevertheless, antibiotics have also reached the aquatic environmentthrough diffuse sources (e.g. veterinary treatment, contaminated manure application...) and throughwastewater. Consequently, antibiotics concentrations between the ng/L and μg/L range are regularlydetected in surface water and those molecules have also been found in sediments and aquatic biota.The ubiquitous presence of antibiotics exerts a selective pressure on microbial communities leading tothe acquisition and dissemination of antibioresistance in the environment. While both an…