Search results for "patho"
showing 10 items of 10772 documents
Characterization of a Novel Conformational GII.4 Norovirus Epitope: Implications for Norovirus-Host Interactions
2016
ABSTRACT Human noroviruses (NoVs) are the main etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. While NoVs are highly diverse (more than 30 genotypes have been detected in humans), during the last 40 years most outbreaks and epidemics have been caused by GII.4 genotype strains, raising questions about their persistence in the population. Among other potential explanations, immune evasion is considered to be a main driver of their success. In order to study antibody recognition and evasion in detail, we analyzed a conformational epitope recognized by a monoclonal antibody (3C3G3) by phage display, site-directed mutagenesis, and surface plasmon resonance. Our results show that the predi…
Amyloid in Alzheimer’s Disease: Guilty Beyond Reasonable Doubt?
2017
Recently failed antiamyloidogenic trials call for an objective reassessment of the dominating amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ongoing efforts focusing on amyloid β protein (Aβ), its deposition, and its removal need to be complemented by more intensive research in new directions. Those may either integrate amyloid pathology or will propose pathogenetic routes independent of Aβ in the search for the causes of AD.
Cardiac β3‐adrenoceptors—A role in human pathophysiology?
2019
As β3 -adrenoceptors were first demonstrated to be expressed in adipose tissue they have received much attention for their metabolic effects in obesity and diabetes. After the existence of this subtype had been suggested to be present in the heart, studies focused on its role in cardiac function. While the presence and functional role of β3 -adrenoceptors in the heart has not uniformly been detected, there is a broad consensus that they become up-regulated in pathological conditions associated with increased sympathetic activity such as heart failure and diabetes. When detected, the β3 -adrenceptor has been demonstrated to mediate negative inotropic effects in an inhibitory G protein-depend…
Targeting vascular (endothelial) dysfunction
2016
Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are major contributors to global deaths and disability-adjusted life years, with hypertension a significant risk factor for all causes of death. The endothelium that lines the inner wall of the vasculature regulates essential haemostatic functions, such as vascular tone, circulation of blood cells, inflammation and platelet activity. Endothelial dysfunction is an early predictor of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events. We review the prognostic value of obtaining measurements of endothelial function, the clinical techniques for its determination, the mechanisms leading to endothelial dysfunction and the therapeutic treatment of endothelial dysfunc…
Stimulation of autophagy prevents intestinal mucosal inflammation and ameliorates murine colitis
2017
Background and pourpose A defective autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders such as IBD. Cross talk interactions between autophagy and inflammation have been reported and we analyse the effects of autophagy stimulators on murine colitis. Experimental approach Mice were treated with intrarectal administration of TNBS (3.5 mg/20 g BW) and body weight was measured every day and histological damage score analysed two or four days after treatment. Some mice received trehalose (3% in drinking water three weeks before TNBS administration) or a daily administration of rapamycin (1.25 mg/kg, i.p.), betanin (1g/kg, i.p.) or betanin + 3MA (10mg/kg, i.p.). Mucosal protein le…
The role of spatial structure in the evolution of viral innate immunity evasion: A diffusion-reaction cellular automaton model
2020
Most viruses have evolved strategies for preventing interferon (IFN) secretion and evading innate immunity. Recent work has shown that viral shutdown of IFN secretion can be viewed as a social trait, since the ability of a given virus to evade IFN-mediated immunity depends on the phenotype of neighbor viruses. Following this idea, we investigate the role of spatial structure in the evolution of innate immunity evasion. For this, we model IFN signaling and viral spread using a spatially explicit approximation that combines a diffusion-reaction model and cellular automaton. Our results indicate that the benefits of preventing IFN secretion for a virus are strongly determined by spatial struct…
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in COVID-19-Associated Sepsis: The Potential Role of Anti-Oxidant Therapy in Avoiding Disease Progression
2020
Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak emerged, countless efforts are being made worldwide to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an attempt to identify the specific clinical characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients involved in its pathogenesis and provide therapeutic alternatives to minimize COVID-19 severity. Recently, COVID-19 has been closely related to sepsis, which suggests that most deceases in intensive care units (ICU) may be a direct consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced sepsis. Understanding oxidative stress and the molecular inflammation mechanisms contributing to COVI…
Molecular aspects of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction: Oxidative stress, microRNA, and long noncoding RNA.
2018
Metabolic syndrome is known as a frequent precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This disease could affect 8% of the people worldwide. Given that pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and loss have central roles in the initiation and progression of the disease, the understanding of cellular and molecular pathways associated with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction can provide more information about the underlying pathways involved in T2D. Multiple lines evidence indicated that oxidative stress, microRNA, and long noncoding RNA play significant roles in various steps of diseases. Oxidative stress is one of the important factors involved in T2D pathogenesis. This could affect the function and surviva…
Stimulation of natural killer cells with rhCD137 ligand enhances tumor-targeting antibody efficacy in gastric cancer
2018
Although many anticancer agents for gastric cancer have been developed, the prognosis for many patients remains poor. Recently, costimulatory immune molecules that reactivate antitumor immune responses by utilizing the host immune system have attracted attention as new therapeutic strategies. CD137 is a costimulatory molecule that reportedly potentiates the antitumor activity of tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by enhancing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. However, it remains unclear whether CD137 stimulates tumor-regulatory activity in gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of CD137 stimulation on gastric cancer cells administered tumor-ta…
Molecular detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato – An analytical comparison of real-time PCR protocols from five different Scandinavian laborat…
2017
Introduction Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick transmitted disease in Europe. The diagnosis of LB today is based on the patient A s medical history, clinical presentation and laboratory findings. The laboratory diagnostics are mainly based on antibody detection, but in certain conditions molecular detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may serve as a complement. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analytical sensitivity, analytical specificity and concordance of eight different real-time PCR methods at five laboratories in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. Method Each participating laboratory was asked to analyse three different sets of samples (reference panels; a…