Search results for "pathogen"
showing 10 items of 1657 documents
Clostridium difficile heterogeneously impacts intestinal community architecture but drives stable metabolome responses
2015
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) is caused by C. difficile toxins A and B and represents a serious emerging health problem. Yet, its progression and functional consequences are unclear. We hypothesised that C. difficile can drive major measurable metabolic changes in the gut microbiota and that a relationship with the production or absence of toxins may be established. We tested this hypothesis by performing metabolic profiling on the gut microbiota of patients with C. difficile that produced (n=6) or did not produce (n=4) toxins and on non-colonised control patients (n=6), all of whom were experiencing diarrhoea. We report a statistically significant separation (P-value o0…
Ocena aktywności przeciwdrobnoustrojowej ekstraktu roślinnego z Dionaea muscipula
2018
Rośliny owadożerne są przedmiotem badań, nie tylko ze względu na charakterystyczny dla nich sposób pobierania składników odżywczych z otoczenia, ale również z powodu ich pożądanego oddziaływania na mikroorganizmy. W piśmiennictwie znajdujemy potwierdzenie, że ekstrakty z roślin owadożernych mają działanie nie tylko bakteriostatyczne, ale również bakteriobójcze i grzybobójcze. Do badań wybrano jednego z przedstawicieli roślin owadożernych, Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis (Muchołówka amerykańska), w celu określenia ich aktywności biologicznej. Materiałem do badań były odpowiednio przygotowanie ekstrakty z dwóch odmian Dionaea muscipula: Regular Form oraz Red Green. Hodowle prowadzono w warunkach ś…
Effect of low temperature on starvation-survival of the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2
1996
At present, no reports exist on the isolation of the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 from water samples. Nevertheless, it has recently been demonstrated that this biotype can use water as a route of infection. In the present study, the survival of this pathogen in artificial seawater (ASW) microcosms at different temperatures (25 and 5 degrees C) was investigated during a 50-day period, with biotype 1 as a control, V. vulnificus biotype 2 was able to survive in the culturable state in ASW at 25 degrees C in the free-living form, at least for 50 days, entering into the nonculturable state when exposed to low temperature. In this state, this microorganism survived with reduced rates …
High temperature and bacteriophages can indirectly select for bacterial pathogenicity in environmental reservoirs
2010
The coincidental evolution hypothesis predicts that traits connected to bacterial pathogenicity could be indirectly selected outside the host as a correlated response to abiotic environmental conditions or different biotic species interactions. To investigate this, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, Serratia marcescens, was cultured in the absence and presence of the lytic bacteriophage PPV (Podoviridae) at 25°C and 37°C for four weeks (N = 5). At the end, we measured changes in bacterial phage-resistance and potential virulence traits, and determined the pathogenicity of all bacterial selection lines in the Parasemia plantaginis insect model in vivo. Selection at 37°C increased bacterial…
Biochemical markers in Celiac disease.
2009
Celiac Disease is a worldwide spread condition affecting 1:100-1:200 individuals. It is a permanent food intolerance to ingested gluten in genetically predisposed subjects. In this review we analyze the biochemical markers of the disease going from laboratory findings to histology passing through genetics. Gluten intolerance is a unique model of autoimmune disease in which we can recognize the main environmental factor (gluten) and the more complex genetic background. In additional way, serological markers for monitoring the disease and a safe and effective therapy (gluten free diet) are also available. In deed the environmental factor such as gluten intake is necessary to trigger the disea…
Guinea Worm Infection in Dogs: A Case of Reverse Zoonosis that Impedes Dracunculus medinensis Eradication
2020
Dracunculus medinensis or Guinea worm was largely considered an exclusive human parasite. The adult female D. medinensis (up to 100 cm long and 1.5–2.0 mm thick) inhabits and moves in the connective tissue, including the skin. Large females protrude from the skin causing unusual and unambiguous signs. Hosts become infected by drinking water containing the crustacean intermediate hosts (cyclopoid copepods known as water fleas) infected with Guinea worm L3 larvae. After years of a successful eradication campaign (focused mainly on preventing humans from drinking unfiltered or untreated water), Guinea worm transmission has been eliminated from most, but not all, countries. An unforeseeable hig…
Caffeine and cardiovascular diseases: critical review of current research.
2015
Caffeine is a most widely consumed physiological stimulant worldwide, which is consumed via natural sources, such as coffee and tea, and now marketed sources such as energy drinks and other dietary supplements. This wide use has led to concerns regarding the safety of caffeine and its proposed beneficial role in alertness, performance and energy expenditure and side effects in the cardiovascular system. The question remains "Which dose is safe?", as the population does not appear to adhere to the strict guidelines listed on caffeine consumption. Studies in humans and animal models yield controversial results, which can be explained by population, type and dose of caffeine and low statistica…
Does Metformin Modulate Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients?
2021
Metformin is an effective drug against type 2 diabetes (T2D), a pathogenesis in which mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main players. Thus, our first aim was to describe the effect of metform...
Impact of reslizumab on outcomes of severe asthmatic patients: current perspectives.
2018
Approximately 5%-10% of asthmatics suffer from severe asthma. New biological treatments represent a great opportunity to reduce asthma burden and to improve asthma patients' lives. Reslizumab will soon be available in several European countries. This anti-IL-5 IgG4/kappa monoclonal antibody, administered intravenously at a dose of 3 mg/kg over 20-50 minutes every 4 weeks, has been shown to be safe and effective in patients with 400 eosinophils/mu L or more in their peripheral blood. The clinical effects in reducing asthma exacerbations and in improving the quality of life and lung function are clear, but further research is needed to determine the best biological compound for a specific clu…
Echovirus 1 Entry into Polarized Caco-2 Cells Depends on Dynamin, Cholesterol, and Cellular Factors Associated with Macropinocytosis
2013
ABSTRACT Enteroviruses invade their hosts by crossing the intestinal epithelium. We have examined the mechanism by which echovirus 1 (EV1) enters polarized intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Virus binds to VLA-2 on the apical cell surface and moves rapidly to early endosomes. Using inhibitory drugs, dominant negative mutants, and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to block specific endocytic pathways, we found that virus entry requires dynamin GTPase and membrane cholesterol but is independent of both clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis. Instead, infection requires factors commonly associated with macropinocytosis, including amiloride-sensitive Na + /H + exchange, protein kinase C, …